Furniture

A living room, also known as sitting room (especially in the UK), lounge room or lounge (in the United Kingdom and Australia), is a room for entertaining guests, reading, watching TV or other activities. The word Lounge is from the Latin, it was brought over later on by the French.

In modern homes and apartments the living room has replaced the old fashioned parlor. In the 19th century, the parlor was the room in the house where the recently deceased were laid out before their funeral. This became the more affirmative term “living room” in the 20th century.

The term marks the twentieth-century effort of architects and builders to strip the parlor of its burial and mourning associations. Typically, a living room will be furnished with a sofa, chairs, occasional tables, perhaps a television and stereo equipment, bookshelves, as well as other pieces of furniture. Traditionally a sitting room in the United Kingdom would have a fireplace.

In the United States, sometimes the living room is reserved for more formal and quiet entertaining while a separate recreation room or family room is used for more casual activities.

The term front room can also used to describe a living room, because in many homes the front door opens into the living room.

A fingerplate (or a finger-plate) may be:

• An item of door furniture that protects a door from wear and tear (and accumulation of dirt) caused by people opening it with their hand. It is usually at chest height opposite the hinge, a natural place to push a door in order to open it.
• A small clamping device sometimes used to hold work while using a drill press.
• The part of a rotary-dial telephone that rotates when dialing numbers.

The following is a partial list of chair types, with internal or external cross references about most of the chairs.

A

The Aalto armchair 406 was designed by Alvar Aalto in 1938. IKEA sells a strangely similar design as the Poang lounge chair.

An Adirondack chair is a non-adjustable wooden outdoor lounge chair. In Canada, it is often called a “Muskoka chair” after that recreational region in southern Ontario.

An Aeron chair is an ergonomic trademarked chair.

An armchair has armrests for comfort. Couches, sofas, etc., often have armrests.

B

A bachelor’s chair dates from the 1700’s and converts into step stool, ladder or ironing board.[1][2]

A Ball Chair designed by Finnish furniture designer Eero Aarnio in 1966.

A balance chair makes you sit with your back in straight position by providing support to your knees. See also kneeling chair below.

A barber’s chair swivels and has easily adjusted heights to make it easy for the barber. It may also recline for washing hair. It typically has footrests as the height may be adjusted and raise the patron’s feet off the floor. For children’s barbershops, the chairs may come in fanciful shapes such as horses and cars to distract the children while their hair is cut.

A Barcelona chair is a proprietary chair designed in 1929 by the German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and widely copied since. It is characterized by leather upholstery, an angled seat and back without armrests, and X-shaped steel legs.

A barrel chair [3] is a chair with a high round back like half a barrel. It is large and upholstered.

A bar stool is a tall, narrow stool designed for seating at a bar or counter.

A beach chair is a special chair designed to provide comfort and protection from sun, wind, rain, and sand on beaches frequented by tourists.

A bean bag chair can be composed of various materials including faux leather, cord, cotton or leather. While in the 80s they were filled with foam chips, they now use polystyrene bead. New styles of bean bags are always being developed - popular models today are bean bag chairs, sofas, poufs, teardrop, children’s and even ones to suit your cat or dog.

A bench is a simple, often backless device, typically for more than one person to sit on. Benches often refer to simple, longer tables or similar longer flat surfaces to place things on or work on.

A Bergere is an upholstered chair, introduced in the Regence/Rococo period in France in the 17th century

A Brewster Chair is a style of upright, turned, wooden armchair made in the mid-17th century in New England. It was named after Pilgrim and colonial leader William Brewster of Plymouth, Massachusetts.

A Bubble Chair is designed by Eero Aarnio in 1968 in Finland. A modernist classic

A butterfly chair [4][5] is composed of a single piece of fabric suspended from a light metal frame.

C

A cantilever chair has no back legs, relying for support on the tensile properties of the material from which it is made.

A captain’s chair was originally a low-backed wooden armchair [6]. Today it is often applied to adjustable individual seats in a car with arm rests.

A car chair, or, rather, a car seat, is a chair within an automobile in that either the pilot or passenger sits, customarily in the forward direction. Many car chairs are adorned in leather or synthetic material designed for comfort or relief from the noted stress of being seated. Variants include a toddler’s or infant’s carseat, which are often placed atop an existent chair and secured by way of extant seat belts or other such securant articles.

A chaise longue (French for “long chair”) is a chair with a seat long enough to completely support its user’s legs.

A club chair is a plush easy chair with a low back. The heavy sides form armrests that are usually as high as the back. The club chair evolved into its present-day form from the gentlemen’s clubs that sprouted into existence in the fashionable urban areas of 1850s England.

A Cogswell chair [7] was a brand of upholstered easy chairs. It has a sloping back and curved and ornamental front legs. The armrests are open underneath.

A corner chair was made to fit into a corner. It has a rectangular base with a high back on two adjacent sides. One sits with legs straddling a corner of the base.

A Caquetoire also known as a conversation chair, used in the European Renaissance, was developed for woman because it was wider so women’s fashions at the time could fit into it. You would notice this in the “U” shaped arms. [8]

D

A Dante chair is a chair that is very similar to the Savonarola chair except it has a more solid frame and a cushioned seat.

A Deck chair [9][10] is a folding chair with a fabric or vinyl back and seat. It may have an extended seat that is meant to be used as a leg rest and may have armrests. It originally was designed for passenger lounging while aboard ocean liners or ships.

Dentist’s chairs are deeply reclining chairs to allow the dentist easy access to the patient’s mouth. The reclining position adjusts as well as the overall height of the chair. Associated with the chair are usually a variety of dental equipment, often including a small tap and sink for the patient to rinse his or her mouth.

A dining chair is a chair designed to be used at a dining table. Typically, dining chairs are part of a dining set, where the chairs and table feature similar or complementary designs.

A Director’s chair [11][12] is a folding chair used by movie directors. It folds side-to-side and can fold that way because the seat and back are usually fabric, typically canvas. The back is usually low and there are usually armrests. The design goes back to the 19th century.

E

An easy chair [13] is any large comfortable armchair. It is typically upholstered.

The Eames chair is a trademark for molded plywood chairs, contoured to fit the shape of a person.

An Egg (chair) is a chair designed by Arne Jacobsen that resembles an egg or womb.

An electric chair is a device for capital punishment by electrocution. It is a high-backed chair with arms, and is usually made of oak.

F

A Fauteuil is an open arm chair with considerable exposed wood, originating in 18th century France

A fighting chair[14] is a chair on a boat used by anglers to catch large saltwater fish. The chair typically swivels and has a harness to keep the angler strapped in should the fish tug hard on the line.

Folding chair collapse the back to the seat. Some further collapse the feet up to the back. This feature is useful for mobility and storage. Folding chairs are typically designed to stack on top of each other when folded and may come with special trolleys to move stacks of folded chairs. Stacking chairs simply stack for storage and do not collapse.

A friendship bench is a special place in a school playground where a child can go when he or she wants someone to talk to.

G

Garden Egg chair designed by Peter Ghyczy is a modernist classic

A Glastonbury chair is a wooden folding chair

A glider offers the same motions as a rocking chair but without the dangers. A frame rests on the floor and the chair is supported by swing arms within the frame so that moving parts are less accessible.

H

A high chair is a children’s chair to raise them to the height of adults for feeding. They typically come with a detachable tray so that the child can sit apart from the main table. Booster chairs raise the height of children on regular chairs so they can eat at the main dining table. Some high chairs are clamped directly to the table and thus are more portable.

I

Plastic inflatable chairs are usually children’s toys. Ikea briefly marketed them as serious furniture upholstered in fabric. Some are designed for use as floating lounge chairs in swimming pools.

J

A Jack and Jill chair is similar to the Adirondack chair, but consists of two of them joined in the middle by a table.

K

Kneeling chairs or knee-sit chairs [15] are chairs that are meant to support someone kneeling. This is purportedly better for the back than sitting all day. The main seat is sloped forward at the about 30 degrees so that the person would normally slide off, but there is a knee rest to keep the person in place.

L

A Lambing chair, is a wood “box” form of winged arm chair rarely having upholstery. Storage under the seat is common as a drawer or compartment.

A lawn chair is usually a light, folding chair for outdoor use on soft surfaces. The left and right legs are joined along the ground into a single foot to make a broader contact area with the ground. Individual feet would otherwise dig into soft grass.

A LoveSac, is similar to a bean bag chair but is filled with shredded DuraFoam.

M

A massage chair has electromechanical devices to massage the occupant. Another kind of massage chair is one used by a therapist on which the client sits in an inverted position with the back facing the massage therapist. There is a headrest like that of the common massage table for the face.

A Morris chair [16] was a proprietary easy chair with adjustable back, cushions, and armrests.

A Muskoka chair is another name for an Adirondack chair.

N

A naughty chair is used by some disciplinarians as a time-out chair for unbehaved children. A related concept is the “baby chair,” so called in order to teach the offender a sense of shame concerning his behaviour.

The No. 14 chair is the most famous bentwood sidechair originally made by the Thonet chair company of Germany in the 19th century, and widely copied and popular today.

A Nursing chair is a low seated partially upholstered piece used in Victorian times

O

An office chair typically swivels, tilts, and rolls about on casters, or small wheels. It may be very plushly upholstered and in leather and thus characterized as an executive chair, or come with a low back and be called a steno chair. Office chairs often have a number of ergonomic adjustments: seat height, armrest height and width, and back reclining tension.

An ottoman is a thick cushion used as a seat or a low stool, or as a rest for the feet of a seated person.

P

A papasan chair is a large, rounded, bowl-shaped chair with an adjustable angle similar to that of a futon. The bowl rests in an upright frame made of sturdy wicker or wood.

A parsons chair is a type of curving wooden chair, named for the Parsons School of Design in Paris, where it was created. It is widely copied today.

A patio chair is any outdoor chair meant for use on a hard surface. (Contrast with lawn chairs.) They are designed so as to not collect water and dry quickly after rain.

A potty chair [17] often abbreviated simply as “potty” is a training toilet for children.

A pushchair [18] is a British English term for a stroller.

A Poofbag chair is similar to an over-sized bean bag chair, filled urethane foam for extreme comfort and support.

Q

R

A recliner [19] is a chair with a reclining back. Most are armchairs and may come with a footrest that unfolds when the back is reclined.

A revolving chair is an older term for swivel chair.

A rocking chair, or rocker, typically is a wooden sidechair or armchair with legs mounted on curved rockers, so that the chair can sway back and forth. Rocking chairs can be quite dangerous for small children and pets as the rocker can crush feet as it rotates. Sometimes the rocking chair is on springs or on a platform (a “platform rocker”) to avoid this danger.

S

A Savonarola chair is a folding armchair dating from the Italian renaissance. Typically constructed of walnut, It is sometimes called an X-chair. The Savonarola chair was the first important folding armchair created during the Italian gothic renaissance period.

A sedan chair is an open or enclosed chair attached to twin poles for carrying. Using this form of transport, an occupant can be carried by two or more porters.

A Shaker rocker, or rocking chair, is one of several chair forms, including side chairs, made by the Shakers

A Shower chair is a disability aid for using a shower.

A side chair is a chair with a seat and back but without armrests. It is often matched with a dining table or used as an occasional chair.

A sit-stand chair [20] allows the person to lean against this device and be partially supported. It is better than standing all day.

A spinny chair is a chair that is commonly used with computers due its ability to move freely.

A Slumber chair is an easy chair manufactured by C. F. Streit Mfg. Co. in the first half of the 20th century that has a combination upholstered back and seat portion, the inclination of which is adjustable within a base frame. Later versions of this chair had a footstool with a removable top that could reveal a “slipper-compartment.”

A sling chair is a suspended, free-swinging chair hanging from a ceiling.

A steno chair is a simple office chair, usually without arms, meant for use by secretarial staff.

A stool is a chair without back and arm rests.

A sweetheart chair, as used in soda shops, is also known as a parlor chair and an ice cream chair (from use in ice cream parlors). The wire frame in the center of the back curls in a manner to suggest a heart design. However, the term “sweetheart chair” also has a more generic usage and refers to any chair with a heart-shaped design in the center of the back.

Swivel chairs swivel about a vertical axis. Commonly used in offices, they are often on casters as well.

A swing is a hanging device which allows the seated rider to swing back and forth.

T

A throne is a ceremonial chair for a monarch.

A toilet Chair is a disability aid attached to a normal toilet.

The Tulip chair was designed by Eero Saarinen in 1956. Considered a classic of industrial design.

U

V

A visitor’s chair is a chair used for a visitor to someone’s office. It is usually less comfortable and ornate than the main office chair.

A Voyeuse Chair [21] is a chair designed for sitting astride with a the top of the back padded for the occupant to lean on.

W

A Watchman’s chair is an unupholstered wooden chair with a forward slanted seat to prevent the watchman from falling asleep.

A Wassily Chair is a chair design by Marcel Breuer that is formed from steel tubing and leather.

A wheelchair is a chair on wheels for someone who cannot walk.

A wheeled computer chair is a chair invented for use with a personal computer, invented by Nathan Zuidhof.

A wicker chair is a chair made of wicker and is thus ventilated and useful under hot or humid conditions. Likewise, a cane chair.

A Wiggle chair is a cardboard seating form designed by Frank Gehry in 1972.

A Windsor chair [22][23] is a classic, informal chair usually constructed of wood turnings that form a high-spoked back, often topped by a shaped crest rail, outward-sloped legs, and stretchers that reinforce the legs. The seat is often saddled or sculpted for extra comfort, and some Windsors have shaped arms supported by short spindles.

A wing chair [24] is an upholstered easy chair with large “wings” mounted to the armrests and enclosing the head or torso areas of the body. Such chairs originally were designed to provide comfortable protection from drafts.

The writing armchair is the most compact rendition of a school desk.

X

An X-chair is a chair with X-shaped frame.

Y

An Y-chair is a chair with Y-shaped frame.

Z

A Zaisu is a Japanese legless chair.

References

Michael IV can refer to :

1. Byzantine Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian
2. Ecumenical Patriarch Michael IV Autoreianus of Constantinople (1207-1213)
   
3. Patriarch Pope Michael IV of Alexandria
4. Russian Emperor Michael IV (Grand Duke Michael of Russia)

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AutoWeek is a weekly automobile magazine based in Detroit, Michigan. The content is divided between automotive news, vehicle reviews, and motorsports coverage.

Originally a biweekly motorsports newspaper in Detroit, Competition Press (July 1958) began publishing news and reviews in the mid-1960s. As vehicle reviews and automotive news became more of the publication’s focus, its name was changed to Competition Press & Auto Week and it began to publish weekly. In the mid-1990s, under the direction of longtime editor and publisher Leon Mandel, changed its name to simply AutoWeek and transformed from a tabloid newspaper into a magazine.

Keith “K.C.” Crain Jr. is now publisher of AutoWeek. Leon’s son, Dutch Mandel, is the editor and associate publisher. AutoWeek Executive Editor is Wes Raynal.

AutoWeek is published by Crain Communications, which also publishes Automotive News. AutoWeek has a weekly readership of approximately 300,000.

Since it is a weekly publication, AutoWeek is often first to publish photographs of pre-production car models (known as spy shots).

In January 2007, AutoWeek solidified its position as a daily news source with the addition of Daily Drive, a daily email newsletter that blasts headlines to over 25,000 registrants.

References

External links

• AutoWeek’s website
• The dutch autoweek
• The German auto week, called autobild

AutoWeek Car Manufacturer’s Pages

• Acura
• Aston Martin
• Audi
• Bentley
• BMW
• Bugatti
• Buick
• Cadillac
• Chevrolet
• Chrysler
• Dodge
• Ferrari
• Ford
• GMC
• Honda
• Hummer
• Hyundai
• Infiniti
• Jaguar
• Jeep
• Kia
• Lamborghini
• Land Rover
• Lexus
• Lincoln
• Lotus
• Maserati
• Maybach
• Mazda
• Mercedes-Benz
• Mercury
• Mini
• Mitsubishi
• Nissan
• Pontiac
• Porsche
• Rolls-Royce
• Saab
• Saturn
• Scion
• Smart
• Subaru
• Suzuki
• Toyota
• Volkswagen
• Volvo

Several measures of light are commonly known as intensity:

• Radiant intensity is a radiometric quantity, measured in watts per steradian (W/sr).
• Luminous intensity is a photometric quantity, measured in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), or candela (cd).
• Irradiance is a radiometric quantity, measured in watts per meter squared (W/m²). The equivalent quantity in other branches of physics is intensity.
• Radiance is commonly called “intensity” in astronomy and astrophysics.

See also

• Brightness

JOVO Click ‘N Construct is a brand name of toy constructions system invented by Josef Volgger and produced by JOVO International of Helsinge, Denmark. The toy consists of equilateral triangle, square and regular pentagon plastic pieces that click together on their edges, and the edges then act as hinges to allow them to be folded up into three dimensional shapes. The pieces were designed to model regular-faced polyhedra, such as the Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, and Johnson solids; but they are also used for creative or artistic shapes, and are good for exploring tilings of the plane.

JOVO pieces are related to Zome and Geomag construction toys, except that they focus on the faces of the polyhedra instead of the edges. The pieces come in six different colors, so that color patterns can be used to explore symmetry in the models.

External links

• JovoToys.com - This site demonstrates many uses for the Jovo pieces, to give inspiration to people that are just getting started. It also has lesson plans to help educators use these in classroom settings for all age levels. There is also information on how to purchase Jovo pieces.
• Jovo.com - This site is for the manufacturer of the pieces in Denmark.

In telecommunication, an interchange circuit is a circuit that facilitates the exchange of data and signaling information between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).

An interchange circuit can carry many types of signals and provide many types of service features, such as control signals, timing signals, and common return functions.

Charles Koch Arena is a 10,478-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of Wichita State University in Wichita, Kansas. The arena re-opened in 2003 as a reconstruction of the school’s former basketball facility, known as “The Roundhouse” but formally named Henry Levitt Arena; the old arena concourse was completely demolished and a new one built around the original playing/seating area. A portion of the seating bowl was remodeled to make for more legroom. All new seating was installed as well as a video scoreboard, and virtually every surface that was not renovated was given a fresh coat of paint. It is home to the Wichita State Shockers men’s and women’s basketball and women’s volleyball teams.

As Levitt Arena it hosted the 1977 and 1989 Missouri Valley Conference men’s basketball tournament title game.

Tissue paper or wrapping tissue is a type of thin, translucent paper used for wrapping and cushioning items.

Some shops wrap delicate merchandise in folded or crumpled layers of tissue paper to protect it before placing it in bags or boxes for the purchaser.

Other common uses of tissue paper:

• To wrap gifts
• To cushion and prevent creases in clothing packed for travel or long-term storage
• For printing of sewing patterns
• Also used as a traditional paper in the fine art print making process, such as etching.
• To clean your nose after sneezing

See also

• Facial tissue
• Toilet paper

Fred Baier is regarded as one of the most avant garde British furniture designer makers since the 1970s when he graduated from the Royal College of Art.

A pioneer of the 1970s British Craft Revival, he has experimented with radical structures and forms. Some of his original work drew its influence from Industrial Revolution concepts such as heavy pistons, exploring the use of coloured solid woods. His Star Wars table in the mid Seventies shows his influence in re-defining the boundaries of furniture making. Since the Seventies he has used Convergent technologies; computers, mathematics, theories of proportion in his furniture designs.

External links

• Fred Baier’s website

Further reading

Articles

• Broun, Jeremy. (Apr-May 1990). “The golden age of contemporary craftsmanship. Part 1″. Woodworking International, no. 16, pp. 26-31.
• Frost, Abigail. (1990) “Fred Baier. Tales from New York.” Interiors Quarterly. no. 10, pp. 12-15.
• Harding, Lovette. (Dec. 1990-Jan. 1991). “Illusions of grandeur.” Metropolitan Home [UK], no. 3, pp. 70-73. — brief profile of Baier.

Book

• Houston, John. Fred Baier : Furniture in studio. London : Bellow, 1990. ISBN 0947792465.

Low rate initial production (LRIP) is a term commonly used in military weapon projects/programs to designate the phase of initial, small-quantity production of a weapons systems. The prospective first buyer and operator (i.e., a country’s defence authorities and the relevant military units) gets to thoroughly test the weapons system over some protracted amount of time—in order to gain a reasonable degree of confidence as to whether the system actually performs to the agreed-upon requirements before contracts for mass production are signed.

The term is also applied in fields other than weapons production, most commonly in non-weapon military equipment programs.

David Laing (1774 - 1856) is principally known as the architect of the New Custom House in London, which was completed in 1817 and collapsed in 1825. Assisted by a young William Tite, he also rebuilt the church of St Dunstan-in-the-East between 1817 and 1821.

In 1818 Laing published a book of plans and drawings which included details of the problems he had encountered in laying the foundations of the New Custom House. The subsidence of those foundations was later to cause the collapse of the building.

After the collapse of the New Custom House Laing was suspended from his post as Architect & Surveyor of the Board of Customs, and his practice was ruined.

Musgrave Retailer Services supplies the Day Today and Day Break symbol group of convenience retailers, the principal forecourt operators and other independent retailers throughout Ireland. In all, the division services 32,000 regular retail and catering trade customers, accounting for an estimated 33 per cent of the Irish wholesale market.

See also

• Musgrave Group

External links

• Musgrave Retailer Services Website
• Musgrave Corporate Website

Michael Corbett can refer to any of the following people

• Michael Corbett (ice hockey), a former ice hockey player in the National Hockey League.
• Mike Corbett (Power Rangers), a fictional character from Power Rangers.
• Michael Corbett (Chief Justice), Chief Justice of South Africa.
• Michael Corbett (actor), played David Kimble on The Young and the Restless from 1986-2000.
• Michael F. Corbett, outsourcing expert, and Chairman, the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP).
• Michael Corbett, co-author of Designing Sustainable Communities: Learning from Village Homes, and the Ahwahnee Principles

Encoignure is a word concerning furniture, literally the angle, or return, formed by the junction of two walls. Since the 1900s, the word is chiefly used to designate a small armoire, commode, cabinet or cupboard made to fit a corner; a chaise encoignure is called in English a three-cornered chair. In its origin the thing, like the word, is French, and the delightful Louis Quinze or Louis Seize encoignure in lacquer or in mahogany elaborately mounted in gilded bronze is not the least alluring piece of the great period of French furniture. It was made in a vast variety of forms so far as the front was concerned; in other respects it was strictly limited by its destination. As a rule these delicate and dainty receptacles were in pairs and placed in opposite angles; more often than not the top was formed of a slab of colored marble.

In finance, the value of an option consists of two components, its intrinsic value and its time value. Time value is simply the difference between option value and intrinsic value.

Intrinsic value

Intrinsic value is the difference between the exercise price of the option (strike price, K) and the current value of the underlying instrument (spot price, S). If the option does not have positive monetary value, it is referred to as out-the-money. If an option is out-the-money at expiration, its holder will simply “abandon the option” and it will expire worthless. Because the option owner will never choose to lose money by exercising, an option will never have a value less than zero.

For a call option: value = Max [ (S – K), 0 ]

For a put option: value = Max [ (K – S), 0 ]

On the graph at right, the call option’s intrinsic value begins when the underlying asset’s spot price exceeds the option’s strike price.

Option value

Option value (i.e. price) is found via a formula such as Black-Scholes or using a numerical method such as the Binomial model. This price will reflect the “likelihood” of the option finishing “in-the-money”. The further in the future the expiration date - i.e. the longer the time to exercise - the higher the chance of this occurring, and thus the higher the option price. The sensitivity of the option value to the amount of time to expiry is known as the option’s “theta”; see The Greeks. The option value will never be lower than its intrinsic value.

In the graph at right, the full call option value (intrinsic and time value) is the red line.

Time value

Time value is, as above, the difference between option value and intrinsic value, i.e.

Time Value = Option Value - Intrinsic Value.

More specifically, an option’s time value captures the possibility, however remote, that the option may increase in value due to volatility in the underlying asset. Numerically, this value depends on the time until the expiration date and the volatility of the underlying instrument’s price. The time value of an option is always positive and declines exponentially with time, reaching zero at the expiration date. At expiration, where the option value is simply its intrinsic value, time value is zero. Prior to expiration, the change in time value with time is non-linear, being a function of the option price.

See also

• Intrinsic value
• Naked call
• Time value of money

External links

• Intrinsic Value and Time Value from Yahoo! Finance

Let There Be Light may refer to:

• Let there be light, the English translation of a line from the Bible
• Let There Be Light (short story), written by Robert A. Heinlein
• Let There Be Light, a short story written by Arthur C. Clarke from the collection Tales of Ten Worlds
• “Let there be light”, the first single from Mike Oldfield’s album The Songs of Distant Earth
• Let there be light, a Rugrats episode
• Let There Be Light, the diary of Tony Gillan
  
• “Let There be Light”, a song by 21st Century Schizoid Band on their album Live in Italy
• Let There Be Light, a film by John Huston
• “Let There Be More Light”, a song by Pink Floyd
• “Let There Be Light”, a fifth season episode of the fantasy television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys

Kanteerava Indoor Stadium is an indoor sporting arena located in Bangalore, India. The capacity of the arena is 4,000 people.

Reported in a [1] May 2002 article in the Times of India:

According to the Sports and Youth Services department, Kanteerava Indoor Stadium, built at a cost of Rs 16.5 crore with a seating capacity of 4,000, hosted only 29 championships last year.
For 180 days, the stadium was booked for consumer and industrial exhibitions, film award functions, religious meets and a few birthday celebrations of politicians.
Koramangala stadium, built at a cost of Rs 8 crore with a seating capacity of 2,000, was the venue for fashion shows and exhibitions.
“Though the stadia are offered free for sports, they are booked more for socio-cultural programmes.
Except a few indoor games like shuttle badminton and table tennis, people prefer to play other games outdoors.
To earn revenue towards stadia maintenance, we rent it out for other events,” a senior official said.

A steering wheel cover is an automotive accessory used to enhance the grip, comfort, or appearance of a steering wheel.

Common categories of steering wheel cover are:

• Racing grips, used to improve the grip of the steering wheel especially for street racing or other amateur racing. Professional racers usually have specially designed racing steering wheel installed, and have no need for such an accessory. These accessories were very popular with enthusiastic drivers of American-built automobiles until the rise of imported automobiles, since the American cars of the time had very narrow rims of hard plastic, which were not conducive to a secure grip; adding a large diameter cushiony cover much improved the situation. Since imported cars began to come from the factory with large diameter cushiony steering wheel rims the American manufacturers have followed suit, so that the actual absolute need for these is somewhat less.
• Leather or calfskin, used to improve both comfort and grip, though not all drivers agree that the latter purpose is actually met by this category of cover. They are also somewhat useful for the problem of steering wheels which become too hot to grip after the car has been sitting with the sun coming through the windshield.
• Fake or real fur, for added comfort and decorative purposes, especially in winter. This type of cover actually worsens the grip on the steering wheel, and many would consider it somewhat tacky, akin to fuzzy dice.
• Wood, a ring which clips over the wheel.
• Other decorative types, including chrome-plated covers designed to give the appearance of chains.

Gigatron is a Spanish heavy metal band. They are (in)famous for their humorous costumes and lyrics, dirty talk, which are often a parody of other famous musicians, and even of heavy metal music itself.

Members: Miki Ferralla, Frank el Tachas, Bestia Indomable and Charlie Glamour

Discography: “Los Dioses Han Llegado” (The Gods Have Arrived), “Mar De Cuernos” (Sea of Horns) and the secret album “Hitrashit”

External links

• Official site
  

Kirk Fairbanks Fogg is an actor, writer, singer and director who was born in Los Angeles, California on November 17, 1960. He attended Eisenhower High School in Rialto, California, and played on the high school football team http://www.distortionthemovie.com. He hosted the Nickelodeon game show Legends of the Hidden Temple, which aired from 1993 to 1995. This show is now aired on Nick GAS. He has appeared in over 200 national commercials.http://www.distortionthemovie.com

Fogg played the District Attorney on the pilot to the UPN television series Veronica Mars, as well as directing and starring in the film Distortion, which is in the process of trying to secure distribution.

Kirk was a member of Delta Chi at Cal State-Fullerton.

Kirk played racquetball with Donald Trump and Tupac Shakur in a 1995 charity event for the war on drugs.

Fogg was also a contestant on the CBS game show Body Language.

There is a Long Island screamo act called “Kirk Fogg’s African Adventure”

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References

External links

The Pearl class cruiser was a class of nine third class cruisers designed by Sir William White, five of which were paid for by Australia under the terms of the Imperial Defence Act of 1887 to serve in Australian waters. Pearl class ships displaced 2,575 tons with a length of 278 ft (84.7 m), a beam of 47 ft (14.3 m), a draft of 15 ft 6 in (4.7 m) and a crew complement of 217 men. Rated for 7,500 ihp, they were capable of 19 knots. Their armament consisted of eight 4.7 inch (119 mm) guns, eight 3 pound guns, four machine guns, and two 14 inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes.

Pearl class ships:

References

• Battleships-cruisers.co.uk: Pearl Class

The Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT) is a proposed international patent law treaty aimed at harmonizing substantive points of patent law. In contrast with the Patent Law Treaty (PLT), signed in 2000 and now in force, which only relates to formalities, the SPLT aims at going far beyond formalities to harmonize substantive requirements such as novelty, inventive step and non-obviousness, industrial applicability and utility, as well as sufficient disclosure, unity of invention, or claim drafting and interpretation.

See also

• Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
• Patent Law Treaty (PLT)
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
• Strasbourg Convention (1963)
• Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement)

External links

• Substantive Patent Law Harmonization on the WIPO web site

In British English, standard form is the more common name for scientific notation.

Standard forms in mathematics assist people in identifying types of equations.

Examples of standard forms in geometry include:

• The equation of a line: <math>Ax + By = C\,</math>

• The equation of a circle: <math>(x + k)^2 + (y + h)^2 = r^2\,</math>

By contrast, there are alternative forms for writing equations. For example, the equation of a line may be written as a linear equation in point-slope and slope-intercept form.

See also

• Canonical form

Pick tapping is a fast guitar playing technique wherein the pick (or plectrum) is used to sharply fret notes on the instrument’s fretboard. In some ways it is similar to regular ‘one-handed’ tapping, except that the sharp edge of the pick is specifically used to sound the notes rather than the tip of the finger. Because of the strength and accuracy needed to perform regular tapping using the fingers only, pick tapping can often be used as an alternative to produce a noticeably sharper and louder sound (even without the heavy use of distortion). Generally, it is easier to tap more rapidly with the pick than the finger, which makes pick tapping a preferable method to produce extremely fast sequences of trills.

However, despite the unique sound of the technique, it is sometimes shunned by advocates of the aforementioned fingertapping (that of which incorporates solely the tips of the fingers to produce pure legato notes), because the tonal qualities of pick tapping are more comparable to simple two-note trilling rather than true legato passages. Thus, the tendency for the technique to rely on rapid sequences of hammer-ons and pull-offs can sometimes sound cold and ‘robotic’ to some, if overused in a passage.

Nonetheless, an effective example of this technique can be heard near the beginning of Randy Rhoads’ guitar solo on Ozzy Osbourne’s “Crazy Train”, where rapid taps using the pick on the third string (G) are performed while the left hand is slowly bending and releasing a fretted note lower down on the string. This gives an effect similar to that of a whammy bar being depressed and released. Another example of the rigid, trill-orientated nature of the technique can be heard in Joe Satriani’s song, “Surfing With The Alien”.

An almost identical technique can be performed using the fingernail, though it is potentially damaging to the nail, and stylistically inconvenient because the technique is most commonly used in music where a pick is used.

Today, the rocker box is not used as extensively as the sluice, but still is an effective method of recovering gold in dryer than usual areas. Like a sluice box, the rocker box has riffles and a carpet in it to trap the gold. It was designed to be used in areas with less water than a sluice box. The process involves pouring water out of a small cup and then rocking the small sluice box like a cradle, thus the name rocker box or cradle.

A rocker box is also a motorcycle engine part.

Lucian is a tiny lunar impact crater that is located in the northeastern part of the Mare Tranquillitatis. The nearest named craters are Lyell to the east-southeast, Theophrastus to the northeast, and Gardner to the north-northeast. A little further to the north is Maraldi crater. Lucian was previously designated ‘Maraldi B’ before being named by the IAU.

This is a circular, cone-shaped formation with a negligible interior floor. It has not been significantly degraded by impact erosion.

References

This a list of land patents provided by the British crown for land in what is now the state of Maine:

• Gorges Patent, 1622
• First Kennebec Patent, 1627
• Comnock’s Patent, 1629
• Second Kennebec Patent, Kennebec Purchase or Plymouth Patent, 1629
• Lygonia Patent, 1630
• Waldo Patent, 1630
• Pemaquid Patent, 1631
• Black Point Grant, 1631

See also: Province of Maine

The AX-1E Analogue Pad was an analog controller for Sega Mega Drive video game console that was only released in Japan. AX-1E had variable-rate triggers and thumbsticks and it looked somewhat similar to the later-released Sega Saturn joypad. AX-1E never caught widespread attention, being compatible with only 3 games (AfterBurner 2, Galaxy Force 2, F1 Hero). Still, however, it goes to show that contrary to popular beliefs, Nintendo wasn’t the first company to bring analog controls to home videogames.

External links

• [1]

A browsing/visualization technique whose application to tree structures is most well known today as the “View Columns” mode of the Mac OS X Finder. It is closely related to techniques used earlier in the Smalltalk browser, but was independently invented by Mark S. Miller in 1980 at Yale University. The technique was then used at Project Xanadu, Datapoint, and NeXT. The Miller Columns in Mac OS X descend directly from the use of Miller Columns at NeXT.

While at Datapoint, Miller generalized the technique to browse directed graphs with labeled nodes and directed graphs with labeled nodes and arcs. In all cases, the technique is appropriate only for structures with high degree (large fanout). For low-degree structures, outline editors or graph viewers are more effective.

Homegrown Cafe was a local-talent show that aired on CJOH in Ottawa, during the 1980s and 1990s. It showcased much of the city’s talented youth and adults[1], some of whom went on to pursue professional careers.[2]

The show was hosted by J.J. Clarke.

Auspicious guests included Vankleek Hill act the Bushmen, Sharon Proulx(Hart), Andi Harden, Kareena Dainty-Edward (singer - 2 seasons), Eva Avila (age 9), Julie Dainty, Chris Dainty and others.

References

External link

• Local TV Shows Endangered Species by Tony Atherton

Wood fibres are usually cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees, straw, bamboo, cotton seed, hemp, sugar cane and other sources.

The end paper product (paper, paperboard, tissue, etc.) dictates the species, or species blend, that is best suited to provide the desirable sheet characteristics, and also dictates the required fibre processing (chemical treatment, heat treatment, mechanical ‘brushing’ or refining etc.).

In North America, virgin (non-recycled) wood fibre is primarily extracted from hardwood (deciduous) trees and softwood (coniferous) trees, of which there is currently an abundant supply. Wood fibres can also be recycled from used paper materials.

Wood fibres are treated by combining them with other additives. They are then processed into a network of wood fibres, which constitutes the sheet of paper.

Strip-built is a method of boat building commonly used for canoes and kayaks, but also suitable for larger boats. The process involves securing narrow, flexible strips of wood edge-to-edge around temporary forms.
The forms are cut as a series of cross-sections of the final design and set up along a “strong back” or other solid base. Stripping begins at the gunwale and finishes with “the football”. The strips are edge-glued to each other, being held in place with nails or staples to the forms. When the glue has dried, the nails/staples are removed and the rough hull is sanded smooth. It is then covered with a resin/epoxy impregnated overlay of fiberglass cloth, which is sanded and finished before removing the hull from the forms. The inside is then smoothed and similarly reinforced before seats, thwarts, and gunwales, are added to complete the boat.

In the 1950’s, this process for building canoes was adapted from ship/boat building techniques, and refined by a group of Minnesota canoe racers; primarily Eugene Jensen, Irwin C.(Buzzy) Peterson, and Karl Ketter.

The Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA) or German Patent and Trade Mark Office (GPTO) is the German national patent office, with headquarters at Munich.

See also

• Bundespatentgericht
• European Patent Office
• Gebrauchsmuster
• Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent und Markenamt
• German Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (GRUR e. V.)

External links

• Official page
  • DPMA annual reports (German: Jahresberichte)

The café wall illusion is an optical illusion, first described by Doctor Richard Gregory and Priscilla Heard. He observed this curious effect in the tiles of the wall of a café at the bottom of St Michael’s Hill, Bristol.

This optical illusion makes the parallel straight horizontal lines appear to be bent.

To construct the illusion, alternating light and dark “bricks” are laid in staggered rows. It is essential for the illusion that each “brick” is surrounded by a layer of “mortar” (the grey in the image). This should ideally be of a colour in between the dark and light colour of the “bricks”.

References

External links

• Interactive version of the Café wall illusion (Requires Shockwave browser plugin)
• Another interactive version (Requires Java-capable browser)
• An animated “proof” that the horizontal lines are parallel and straight (This gif should open in most browsers)

Brazilian German is a generic name for German dialects spoken in Brazil.

German dialects are already in use in Brazil as a result of the German settlement, made by Germans, Swiss, and Austrians. These dialects were evolved by foreign borrowings. They were influenced by another German dialect, and other immigrant languages — especially Italian, Spanish, Japanese, and Brazil’s national language, Portuguese.

The most dominant spoken Brazilian German dialect is Riograndenser Hunsrückisch, a Brazilian variation of the Hunsrückisch dialect. But other dialects of German are also spoken in Brazil, such as:

• The Austrian dialect spoken in Dreizehnlinden, Danube Swabian (Donauschwowsch, German: Donauschwäbisch).
• Pomeranian or Pommersch.
• Plautdietsch spoken by ethnic German Mennonites from the former Soviet Union.

See also

• German-Brazilians
• German language in the United States

The Miller process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to a high degree of purity (99.95%). This chemical process involves blowing a stream of pure chlorine gas over and through a crucible filled with molten, but impure, gold. This process purifies the gold because nearly all other elements will form chlorides before gold and can thereby be removed as salts that are insoluble in the molten metal. When all impurities have been removed from the gold (observable by a change in flame color) the gold is removed and processed in the manner required for sale or use. The resulting gold is 99.95% pure, and of lower purity than gold produced by the other common refining method, the Wohlwill process (which produces gold of 99.999% purity).

The Miller process is commonly used for producing high-purity gold when exacting standards of purity are not required (such as in electronics work and the manufacture of some silicates). When lower purity gold is required refiners often utilize the Miller process due to its relative ease, quicker turnaround times, and because it does not require a large inventory of gold (in the case of the Wohlwill process as gold chloride) on site at all times.

Radio Love Songs: The Singles Collection is a 2002 greatest hits collection by 54-40. It also contains two new songs, “Love Rush” and “Plenty Emotion”.

Tracks from the band’s 1990s albums are all grouped together, and in reverse chronological order from 2000’s Casual Viewin’ to 1992’s Dear Dear; each block is interspersed with one of the band’s best-known 1980s hits.

Track listing

1. “Love Rush” – 3:23
2. “Plenty Emotion” – 3:39
3. “Unbend” – 3:51
4. “Casual Viewin’” – 4:42
5. “I Go Blind” – 2:56
6. “Since When” – 4:15
7. “Baby Ran” – 4:22
8. “Crossing a Canyon” – 3:59
9. “Lies to Me” – 3:22
10. “Love You All” – 4:29
11. “One Day in Your Life” – 4:17
12. “Blame Your Parents” – 4:27
13. “Radio Luv Song” – 2:10
14. “Assoholic” – 3:42
15. “Ocean Pearl” – 3:28
16. “One Gun” – 4:15
17. “She-La” – 4:10
18. “Music Man” – 5:44
19. “Nice to Luv You” – 4:23

A modified version of their alpine counterparts, twin-tip skis are designed to enable a skier to take off and land backward while jumping and to ski backwards down a slope. The name “twin-tip” comes from the shape of the ski. While most alpine skis have a defined, curved-up front end (or “tip”) as well as a flat rear end (or “tail”), twin-tip skis have a curved-up tip and tail.

Initially designed for newschool skiing applications such as terrain parks and half-pipes, twin-tips have rapidly gained popularity on other parts of the mountain as well. Powder skis, “mid-fats,” all-mountain skis, and even telemark skis are all available with twin tips.

The name Light Rail Transit is used by the following specific light rail systems, either as an official name or otherwise:

• Light Rail Transit, Metro Manila, Philippines
• Rapid KL Light Rail Transit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• former name of KCR Light Rail, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
• Edmonton Light Rail Transit, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

• C-Train, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
• O-Train, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

See also

• Light Rapid Transit
• Light railway
• Light rail

• Tram/Trolley/Streetcar

A fixative is a stabilizing or preservative agent. There are several different compounds called fixatives:

Drawing

In drawing, a fixative is a liquid, similar to varnish, which is usually sprayed over a finished piece of artwork to better preserve it and prevent smudging. Artwork media requiring fixative include drawings done in pencil, charcoal, and pastel. An artist will often fix layers of a work in progress, in order to easily add further layers. Such a technique requires a workable fixative. Fixative is available in aerosol sprays.

Biology

In biology, a fixative is a solution used to preserve or harden fresh tissue of cell specimens for microscopic examination. Usually they stabilize and firm tissues by denaturing or cross-linking constituent proteins. Formaldehyde solution is an example of a fixative. Use of fixatives is an important technique in the discipline of cellular pathology.

Embalming

Modern embalming chemicals are fixatives, as were the historical chemicals employed in mummification.

Perfumery

In perfumery, a fixative is a natural or synthetic substance used to reduce the evaporation rate, increase perceived odor strength, and improve stability when added to more volatile components. This allows the final product to last longer while keeping its original fragrance. Fixatives are indispensable commodities to the perfume industry. Some examples of fixatives are sandalwood, musk, Ambergris and orris root. Natural fixatives usually have a fragrance considered a base note, reflecting their low volatility.

War And Peace is a progressive metal group, formed in 1993 by multi-instrumentalist Jeff Pilson. The band has released two albums so far. Pilson had earlier worked with 80s heavy metal superstars Dokken. Apart from that he had also played with perreniel rock idol Ronnie James Dio.

Discography

• Time Capsule (1993)
  
• The Walls Have Eyes

Commercial agriculture: The production of crops for sale, crops intended for widespread distribution (e.g. supermarkets), and any non-food crops such as cotton and tobacco. Commercial agriculture includes livestock production and livestock grazing. Commercial agriculture does not include crops grown for household consumption (e.g backyard garden or from your vegie patch and fruit tree’s)

Opposite

Subsistence

agriculture

The Eastlake Movement was a nineteenth century household design reform movement started by architect and writer Charles Eastlake (1836–1906). His book Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery, and Other Details posited that furniture and decor in people’s homes should be made by hand or machine workers who took personal pride in their work. Manufacturers in the United States used the drawings and ideas in the book to create mass-produced Eastlake Style or Cottage furniture. The geometric ornaments, spindles, low relief carvings and incised lines were designed to be affordable and easy to clean;A Matter of Style: Nineteenth Century Furniture Design nevertheless, many of the designs resulted in being artistically complex. The movement is generally considered part of the late Victorian period in terms of broad antique furniture disignations.

See also

• Victorian decorative arts
• Victorian architecture

Line notes

Flash oil is a form of kerosene. It is used to reduce the tack in etching inks. It is clear and non-yellowing. Because it is high in wetting strength, only a few drops are required to reduce most inks. [1]

Quotes

• The tack reducer is a mixture of a type of highly refined kerosene (known by lithographers as flash oil) [2]

• Instead of thinning oil-based paint with paint thinner/mineral spirits, thin with a little VM&P Naptha, as it flashes (dries) quicker and thus avoids runs better.” [3]

• All solvent based inks, which up until a few years ago included almost all the ink types, dry by solvent evaporation. The pigments and resins harden as the solvents evaporate into the air. [4]

Mary A. Brigham (1829-1889) was an American educator who was the 8th President (President Elect) of Mount Holyoke College in 1889. After a teaching for a few years, “she was elected President of Mount Holyoke Seminary and College in 1889, but died in a railway accident before she could take up her appointment. In 1897 a dormitory, Brigham Hall, was dedicated to her by the New York Alumnae Club, of which she had been President in her lifetime.”[1]

See also

• Presidents of Mount Holyoke College

External links

• Biography

Jack & Jones is a casual wear brand of the Danish clothing company Bestseller A/S. The Jack & Jones brand is sold in approximately 2,000 retail shops, of which 270 are Jack & Jones franchises.

From 1998 to 2000 Bestseller A/S were co-sponsor for a professional road bicycle racing team, which had Jack & Jones as part of its name.

External links

• Official webpage

An étagère is a piece of light furniture very similar to the English what-not, which was extensively made in France during the latter part of the 18th century. As the name implies, it consists of a series of stages or shelves for the reception of ornaments or other small articles. Like the what-not it was very often cornerwise in shape, and the best Louis XVI examples in exotic woods are exceedingly graceful and elegant.

Henry Copland was a British furniture designer and ornamentalist. In partnership with Mathias Locke during the mid 1700s in London, they produced many furniture designs in the Rococo Furniture Style. These were published in book form in 1752.

However both men worked for Thomas Chippendale the elder and many of their designs appear, without acknowledgement, in his book of designs, The Gentleman and Cabinet Makers Director, published two years later. However a study of the original drawings suggests that they may have actively collaborated with Chippendale on his book.