Archive for July, 2008

Visquine

Sunday, July 6th, 2008

Visquine is a brand of plastic sheeting, commonly between 4 and 10 mils (0.1 to 0.25 mm) thick, used as a temporary tarpaulin. It is commonly used to cover concrete as it sets, as a drop cloth when painting, to line decorative ponds, and to cover the ground before applying stone or wood chips to prevent weed growth. Large (100′ x 20′) sheets of visquine are also used during flood fights to protect levees from wave wash erosion.

Rickman Motorcycles

Sunday, July 6th, 2008

Rickman Motorcycles was established by Don and Derek Rickman and manufactured motorcycles from 1960 through to 1975. Initially the frame designs were for scrambles, and then for road racing. Later, in 1966, road bikes were produced as well. The first street legal bike used a Triumph Bonneville engine.
Rickman initially supplied frame kits, as none of the major British motorcycle manufacturers would sell engines to them. The frame kits were built for many engines, including Triumph twins, BSA singles and Matchless.

After the Royal Enfield factory closed, a little over 200 Series II Interceptor engines were stranded at the dock in 1970, originally on their way to Floyd Clymer (of Clymer auto manuals and Enfield “Indians” fame) in the United States, but unfortunately he had just died, and his export agents, Mitchell’s of Birmingham, were left to dispose of them. They approached the Rickman brothers for frames, and as the Rickman brothers’ main problem had always been engine supply, a limited run of Rickman Interceptors were built.

In about 1971, Rickman began producing complete motorcycles in 2 displacements, 125 and 250cc. The 125’s had German Zundapp engines, while the 250’s featured Spanish Montesa powerplants. Many of these little Motocross bikes were produced from 1971 to 1975, most being shipped to America.

Rickmans were known for their beautiful fiberglass work and nickel-plated frames.

In 1974, Rickman was awarded the “Queen’s Award to Industry” for their export business, but it was the same year NVT collapsed. The Rickman brothers turned their attention to larger Japanese motorcycle engines, and produced a Rickman Honda 750. A Rickman Kawasaki Z1/Z900, Rickman Honda Bol D’Or 900 and Rickman Suzuki GS1000 followed.

Rickman frames are often referred to as “Metisse” frames, a term used for their own first effort. The Rickmans had a sense of humour. Google translates the word politely as “mongrel”.

The company stopped producing complete motorcycles in 1975, continuing to produce chassis kits and accessories. In 1984 the Rickmans licensed production of their frames to MRD Metisse. Chassis kits are currently being produced by Metisse Motorcycles Ltd.

Capital deepening

Sunday, July 6th, 2008

Capital deepening is a term used in economics to describe an economy where capital per worker is increasing. It is an increase in the capital intensity. Capital deepening is often measured by the capital stock per labour hour. Overall, the economy will expand, and productivity per worker will increase. However, economic expansion will not continue indefinitely through capital deepening alone. This is partly due to diminishing returns and wear & tear.

Capital widening is a term used to describe the situation where capital stock is increasing at the same rate as the labour force, thus capital per worker remains constant. The economy will expand in terms of aggregate output, but productivity per worker will remain constant.

Czech passport

Sunday, July 6th, 2008

The Czech passport () is issued to Czech citizens at any age, and is the primary document of international travel issued by the Czech Republic. It should be noted that the občanský průkaz can now be used to travel within the European Union. Children can be included in the passport.

The passport is issued by the Ministry of Interior (Ministerstvo Vnitra), and like most passports remains property of the Czech Republic and can be withdrawn at any time. It is a valid proof of citizenship document according to the Czech nationality law. Citizens can have multiple passports at the same time.


Physical Appearance

Czech passports are burgundy, with the Czech coat of arms emblazoned in the centre of the front cover. The words “EVROPSKÁ UNIE” (English: European Union) and “ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA” (English: Czech Republic) are inscribed above the coat of arms and the words “CESTOVNÍ PAS” (English: Passport) are inscribed below the coat of arms. Czech passports adhere to the common EU design.


Identity Information Page

The passport includes the following data:

  • Photo of Passport Holder
  • Type (P)
  • Code (CZE)
  • Passport No.
  • 01 Surname
  • 02 Given Names
  • 03 Nationality
  • 04 Date of Birth
  • 05 Place of Birth
  • 06 Sex
  • 07 Date of Issue
  • 08 Date of Expiry
  • 09 Authority
  • 10 Holders Signature
  • 11 Personal No.

The lower area of the information page contains the Machine Readable Zone.


Languages

The information page is printed in Czech, English and French, yet is followed a few pages later with translations to other languages, including all official EU languages.

Cool Jerk

Saturday, July 5th, 2008

Cool Jerk is a popular song written by Donald Storball and originally performed by The Capitols. Released in 1966, it reached the number two position on the American R&B chart and number seven on the pop chart. The backing track for this song was actually recorded (secretly) by Motown’s house band The Funk Brothers. The Go-Gos, Todd Rundgren, and The Creation (band) have covered the song. Todd Rundgren did his version in an odd time signature (7/4), giving an obviously jerky feel to the song. A popular cover was also performed by Uncle Frank in the movie Home Alone 2.

T30 Heavy Tank

Saturday, July 5th, 2008

The Heavy Tank T30 was an American tank project developed to counter new German tanks. The T30 was designed at same time as the Heavy Tank T29.
Pilot models were started in April 1945 and were delivered in 1947.
The 155 mm fired 2 piece (shell and charge) ammunition. The loader was helped by a powered rammer.

Deal Casino

Saturday, July 5th, 2008

The Deal Casino is a recreational area located on the Atlantic Ocean shore of Deal, New Jersey.

Although the facility is called a “casino,” there is no gambling on the premises.

It features swimming pools, beach and snack bar.

Behind the main gate, the complex opens on a large saltwater swimming pool. The 50 m pool is one of the largest in the state of New Jersey and is filled directly from the ocean via large pipes. Comfortable lounge and chaise chairs are located around the entire pool. To the north and south of the pool extend rows of lockers. To the east of the swimming pool along the sand stands a row of metal cabanas. Each cabana (known as a beachhouse) has a wooden plank deck with a canvas roof, under which is a changing area and shower. The cabanas have space to accommodate 2 large wooden lounge chairs on their decking with unobstructed views of the Atlantic.

Free price system

Saturday, July 5th, 2008

A free price system or free price mechanism (informally called the price system or the price mechanism) is an economic system where prices are set by the interchange of supply and demand, with the resulting prices being understood as signals that are communicated between producers and consumers which serve to guide the production and distribution of resources. Through the free price system, supplies are rationed, income is distributed, and resources are allocated. A free price system contrasts with a controlled or fixed price system where prices are set by government, within a controlled market or planned economy.


Mechanics of a free price system

Rather than prices being set by the state, as in a command economy with a fixed price system, prices are determined in a decentralized fashion by trades that occur as a result of sellers’ asking prices matching buyers’ bid prices as a result of subjective value judgement in a market economy like ebay. Since resources of consumers are limited at any given time, consumers are relegated to satisfying wants in a descending hierarchy and bidding prices relative to the urgency of a variety of wants. This information on relative values is communicated, through price signals, to producers whose resources are also limited. In turn, relative prices for the productive services are established. The interchange of these two sets of prices establish market value, and serve to guide the rationing of resources, distributing income, and allocating resources.

Those goods which command the highest prices (when summed among all individuals) provide an incentive for businesses to provide these goods in a corresponding descending hierarchy of priority. However, the ordering of this hierarchy of wants is not constant. Consumer preferences change. When consumer preferences for a good change, then bidding pressure raises the price for a particular good as it that moves to a higher position in the hierarchy. As a result of higher prices for this good, more productive forces are applied to satisfying the demand driven by the opportunity for higher profits in satisfying this new consumer preference. In other words, the high price sends a price signal to producers. This causes producers to increase supply, either by the same firms increasing production or new businesses coming in to the market, which eventually lowers the price and the profit incentive to increase supplies. Hence, the now lower price provides a price signal to producers to decrease production and, as a result, a surplus is prevented. Since resources are scarce (including labor and capital), supplies of other goods will be diminished as the productive resources are taken from other areas of production to be applied toward increasing output of the good who has risen in the hierarchy of consumer preferences. Also, as resources become more scarce the price increases, which signals to consumers to reduce consumption thereby ensuring that the quantity demanded does not exceed the quality supplied. It is in this way that the free price system persuades consumers to ration dwindling resources. Hence, supply and demand affects price while at the same time, price affects supply and demand. If prices remain high because increases in supply cannot keep pace with demand, then this also signals other business to provide substitute goods in order to take advantage of profit opportunities.

Individual employments and incomes are also guided by the price system. Employment will move toward those goods and services that consumers value and away from those with declining importance to consumers as a result of changes in prices.


References

  • Martin, Leonard W. Free Enterprise - Why?, The Freeman, The Foundation for Economic Education, June 1958.
  • Hazlitt, Henry. How the Price System Works


See also

  • Invisible hand
  • Spontaneous order
  • Self organization
  • Market economy
  • Capitalism
  • Free market

Borussia-Park

Friday, July 4th, 2008

Borussia-Park in Mönchengladbach is the home stadium of German football Bundesliga team Borussia Mönchengladbach. It replaced the smaller Bökelberg stadium, which no longer satisfied modern safety standards and international requirements, in July 2004.

Borussia-Park has a capacity of up to 54,067, of which 16,145 are standing-room only due to popular demand. For international games, the standing room is converted into temporary seating for a total seating capacity of 46,249.

The new stadium features amenities such as VIP lounges, fanshop, bar and museum, and cost 85 million euro to construct.

Despite its large capacity and relative youth, the stadium missed out on holding matches during the 2006 World Cup, which Germany hosted. It was the largest capacity Bundesliga stadium to do so.


External links

  • Borussia-Park Stadium Official Web Site
  • WorldStadiums.com entry
  • Borussia Mönchengladbach Official Web Site
  • Official Stadium Website :: Photos

Stahlhelm-Fraktion

Friday, July 4th, 2008

Stahlhelm-Fraktion or Steel Helmet-Faction is a German term often used to describe the hard-line or right-wing faction of a political party, most notably the German CDU. The term comes from the hawkish, i.e. pro-military positions often taken by such groups. The term is named after the Stahlhelm, the steel helmet historically used by German soldiers.

Director’s Guild of Great Britain

Friday, July 4th, 2008

The Director’s Guild of Great Britain represents directors in all media: film, television, theatre, radio, opera, commercials, corporate, multimedia and new technology. The Guild is based in Central London.


External links

  • Director’s Guild of Great Britain website

London Camera Exchange

Wednesday, July 2nd, 2008

London Camera Exchange is the name of a chain of photography shops operating in England. The target market for the chain is “Prosumer”. Items sold include new and used cameras, both digital and film, accessories for these cameras, and photo printing services. The name of the chain is often shortened to “LCE”. LCE stores also sell a large range of optical equipment particularly specialising in binoculars and spotting scopes. The head office of London Camera Exchange is located in Winchester, Hampshire. The chain currently consists of 30 shops nationwide including shops in Manchester, Southampton, Royal Leamington Spa and Colchester.


External links

  • Official Website

Eastlake Movement

Wednesday, July 2nd, 2008

The Eastlake Movement was a nineteenth century household design reform movement started by architect and writer Charles Eastlake (1836–1906). His book Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery, and Other Details posited that furniture and decor in people’s homes should be made by hand or machine workers who took personal pride in their work. Manufacturers in the United States used the drawings and ideas in the book to create mass-produced Eastlake Style or Cottage furniture. The geometric ornaments, spindles, low relief carvings and incised lines were designed to be affordable and easy to clean;A Matter of Style: Nineteenth Century Furniture Design nevertheless, many of the designs resulted in being artistically complex. The movement is generally considered part of the late Victorian period in terms of broad antique furniture disignations.


See also

  • Victorian decorative arts
  • Victorian architecture


Line notes

Patent family

Wednesday, July 2nd, 2008

A patent family is all the patents and patent applications resulting from a specific patent application.

Generally, a patent application for an invention is originally filed in one country. Sometimes that original patent application is the basis for filing patent applications in several other countries (see also right of priority). Each of these new patent applications can become the basis for filing subsequent patent applications. A single patent occasionally results in many, many patents throughout the world.

When one patent application results in several patents in many different countries, all of the patents and applications associated with the original patent application is called the patent family.


See also

Special figures

Wednesday, July 2nd, 2008

Special figures were a component of figure skating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Like compulsory figures, special figures involved tracing patterns on the ice with the blade of one ice skate. This required the skater to display significant balance and control while skating on one foot.

While compulsory figures were standard patterns derived from the figure 8, the special figures were elaborate patterns of the skaters’ own invention. These designs included rosettes, stars, crosses, and other elaborate curlicues. The building blocks for special figures included not only the elements of the standard compulsory figures, but shapes known as beaks, spectacles, and cross-cuts.

Tracing of elaborate patterns on the ice was a characteristic of the American and British schools of figure skating. By the early 20th century, this had been largely displaced by the “International Style” of free skating which utilized the entire ice surface and featured more athletic movements set to music.

Special figures was an event in the 1908 Summer Olympic Games. Nikolai Panin of Russia won the event.


See also

  • Special figures by Panin
  • Figure skating at the 1908 Summer Olympics


References

  • The Official Book of Figure Skating. ISBN 0-684-84673-X.
  • Irving Brokaw: The Art of Skating. American Sports Publishing Co., 1928.
  • Benjamin Wright: Skating in America. United States Figure Skating Association, 1996.

International BBC television channels

Wednesday, July 2nd, 2008

The BBC is forbidden under its charter to directly undertake any commercial operations on-air within the United Kingdom, however no such restriction applies to operations in other countries. Therefore the BBC exploits its massive television archive by operating a number of commercial television channels outside the UK through its BBC Worldwide subsidiary.

Some channels are wholly owned by BBC Worldwide, others are operated as joint ventures with other broadcasters.


Wholly owned channels

  • BBC America - entertainment channel available in US
  • BBC Prime - entertainment channel available in Europe, Africa and Middle East
  • BBC World - formerly World Service Television’s news and information
  • BBC Entertainment - entertainment channel available in Asia
  • BBC Food - Southern Africa/Scandinavia

BBC Japan, an entertainment channel available in Japan ceased broadcasting in 2006, owing to the closure of its local distributor.

In October 2006, BBC Entertainment replaced BBC Prime in Asian markets, and will replace it in other territories during 2007. Other channels planned will include BBC Knowledge and BBC Lifestyle


Joint ventures


With Alliance Atlantis

In Canada, channels are required by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to have a certain quota of original Canadian content. The following BBC channels are operated in conjunction with Alliance Atlantis.

  • BBC Canada - entertainment channel available in Canada
  • BBC Kids - children’s channel available in Canada


With Discovery Channel

The following BBC channels are operated in conjunction with Discovery Channel.

  • Animal Planet - Natural History documentaries (also available in the UK)
  • [[People+Arts]] - Lifestyle and reality programming broadcast in Latin America, Spain and Portugal


With Foxtel and RTL

BBC Worldwide operates the following channels in a joint venture with Foxtel and RTL

  • UK.TV - General Entertainment channel in Australia and New Zealand.


Other

BBC Worldwide also operate the UKTV network in the United Kingdom with Virgin Media Television


External links

  • TV Channels from BBC Worldwide’s 2005 annual report

European Investment Fund

Tuesday, July 1st, 2008

The European Investment Fund, established in 1994, is a European Union agency for the provision of finance to SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) headquartered in Brussels.

It does not lend money to SMEs directly; rather it provides finance through private banks. Its main operations are in the areas of venture capital and guaranteeing loans. Its shareholders are: the European Investment Bank (59.15%); the European Communities, represented by the European Commission (30.00%); and 34 privately owned EU financial institutions (10.85%).


See also

  • Institutions of the European Union


Sources


External links

  • European Investment Bank (see below for European Investment Fund) European Navigator

A Rainbow in Curved Air

Tuesday, July 1st, 2008

A Rainbow in Curved Air is the second album by experimental music and Classical minimalism pioneer Terry Riley.

Some of the music on this album was used as the background accompaniment of The Guide in the original BBC Radio 4 series of the Hitch Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams.