Furniture

Bruno Mathsson (1907-1988) was a Swedish furniture designer and architect with ideas coloured by functionalism/modernism, as well as old Swedish crafts tradition. Being the son of a carpenter in the town of Värnamo in the South of Sweden, it was fairly obvious what work the young Bruno would choose. After a short time of education in school, he started to work in his father’s gallery. He soon found a great interest in furniture and especially chairs; their function and design. Eventually he developed a special building technique for wooden chairs; where the compartments were bent and glued under the action of hot water.

He also designed houses in Sweden, Portugal and in the United States with frameworks of glass and steel.

Anthony Ryle qualified in medicine in 1949. He worked as a General Practitioner in North London and later worked as a psychotherapist in St. Thomas’ Hospital, London. While in general practice he realised that a lot of his patients were presenting with psychological problems or distress, which he confirmed by epidemiological studies. He developed interest in psychotherapy and later developed a time limited therapy which can be offered in the National Health Service. This type of therapy is known as cognitive analytic therapy.

Davi may refer to:

Personal Name

• Davi, pronounced DAH’vee is a variation of, but not a nickname for, David. Davi has become a somewhat common first name in Brazil (see List of Portuguese given names).
• Davi Kopenawa Yanomami, a Brazilian activist
  
• Davi Millsaps, an American Team Factory Honda Rider

Family Name

• Davi is the Italian (Sicily) patronymic or plural form of Davo. Davi is a plate bending roll company in northern Italy (today named PROMAU) founded by the Davi family in 1966.
• Davi is a Pashtun tribe of central Asia
• Dominic Davi (born 1976), American musician
• Robert Davi (born 1954), American actor

See also

• Daffy
• Darvi
• David
• Davie
• Davis
• Davy
• Devi

The Harden-Eulenburg affair, often simply Eulenburg affair, was the controversy surrounding a series of courts-martial and five regular trials regarding accusations of homosexual conduct, and accompanying libel trials, among prominent members of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s cabinet and entourage during 1907-1909.

The affair centred on accusations by the journalist Maximilian Harden of homosexual conduct between Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg-Hertefeld and General Kuno Graf von Moltke. Accusations and counter-accusations quickly multiplied, and the phrase “Liebenberg Round Table” became to be used for the gay male circle around the Kaiser.

The affair received wide publicity and is often considered the biggest domestic scandal of the German Second Empire. It led to one of the first major public discussions of homosexuality in Germany, comparable to the trial of Oscar Wilde in the United Kingdom.

Initial incident

The incident which provoked the affair followed on the heels of a public relations gaffe by Wilhelm II. Shortly, in November, Wilhelm II began a vacation at an aristocrat’s estate in the Black Forest. One evening after dinner Dietrich Graf von Hülsen-Häseler, chief of the Military Secretariat, was performing a pas seul (dance) in a tutu when his heart failed. Ottokar von Czernin, also in attendance, remarked, “In Wilhelm II I saw a man who, for the first time in his life, with horror-stricken eyes, looked upon the world as it really was.” Despite his fears the accident, with its implications of homosexuality at high levels, seemed successfully hushed up.

Causes

However, opponents of Germany’s foreign relations found the potential scandal too useful to ignore. Wilhelm II had dismissed “Iron” Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and his Realpolitik system of treaties and agreements in 1890, replacing Bismarck’s clear rule with muddle and his foreign policies with a confrontational, expansionist Weltpolitik. The anti-imperialist Eulenburg became the most prominent member of Wilhelm II’s entourage being promoted from being a member of the diplomatic corps to an ambassador. Like many, Bismarck noticed that the nature of the relationship Wilhelm II and Eulenburg could, “not be confided to paper,” but he, like many, felt that even these activities in the private sphere were not to be brought to the public sphere.

Harden, imperialist head of the periodical Die Zukunft, felt the same, waiting till 1902 only to personally threaten to out Eulenburg unless he retired from his ambassadorship in Vienna, which Eulenburg did, dropping from public life until 1906. Harden reaffirmed his threat after Germany gave Morocco to France at the Algeciras Conference (1906) in a major foreign policy fiasco, and Eulenburg responded by moving to Switzerland.

Between 1906-1907 six military officers committed suicide after blackmail, while in the preceding three years around twenty officers were convicted by courts-martial, all for their homosexual acts. A Garde du Corps officer was charged with homosexuality, embarrassing because the elite Corps was commanded by Lieutenant General Wilhelm Graf von Hohenau, blood relative to the kaiser. Worse than these sexual scandals, in Harden’s eyes, was Eulenburg’s decision to return to Germany and be initiated into the High Order of the Black Eagle, and did not change his mind when Friedrich Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, decline to be initiated into the Order of the Knights of St. John because of his same-sex sexual proclivities.

Outing

Harden outed Eulenburg on April 27, 1907, confirming the identity he previously had parodied as “the Harpist” (Eulenburg), along with “Sweetie” General Kuno Graf von Moltke, in 1906. Wilhelm II, informed of the growing story, responded by requiring the resignation of three of fifteen prominent aristocrats, Hohenau, Lynar, and Moltke, listed as homosexual by the Berlin vice squad; however, the actual list, not shown to Wilhelm II, contained several hundred names.

Moltke’s lawyer attempted to file criminal libel against Harden, but was dismissed and civil libel was suggested. Eulenburg denied any culpability and presented a self-accusation of violating the applicable Paragraph 175 to his district attorney who, as hoped and expected, cleared Eulenburg of all charges in July. Meanwhile Georg von Hülsen, manager of the Royal Theatre, von Stückradt, the crown prince’s equerry, and Bernhard Prince von Bülow, imperial chancellor, were accused of or revealed as having same sex sexual tendencies or activities.

Moltke v. Harden

October 23-29, 1907
Testifying against Moltke was his ex-wife of nine years, Lili von Elbe. Also testifying was a soldier named Bollhardt, and Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld. Elbe described the lack of conjugal relations, happening only on the first and second night, of their marriage, Moltke’s overly close friendship with Eulenburg, and her ignorance of homosexuality. Bollhardt described attending champagne filled parties at Lynar’s villa where he saw both Hohenau and Moltke. Hirschfeld, based on von Elbe’s comments and his courtroom observation of Moltke, testified that Moltke most certainly had a feminine side and was homosexual even if had never committed sodomy. On October 29 the court found Moltke homosexual and Harden innocent.

However, the trial was voided on procedural grounds, and the state prosecutor decided to allow a criminal libel trial.

Bülow v. Brand

November 6 1907
Adolf Brand, founder of the first homosexual periodical, Der Eigene (The Special), had printed a pamphlet which described how Bülow had been blackmailed for his sexuality and had kissed and embraced Scheefer at male gatherings hosted by Eulenburg, and thus was morally obliged to publicly oppose Paragraph 175. Brand was found guilty of libel and charged with 18 months in prison.

Harden v. Moltke

December 18-25, 1907
Elbe, through a diagnosis of classical hysteria, and Hirschfeld, by retracting his earlier testimony, were discredited and Harden was convicted of libel and sentenced to four months imprisonment.

Harden v. Städele

April 21 1908
Now motivated by political goals, morals, and vengeance, Harden set out to prove Eulenburg’s homosexuality by having Anton Städele publish an article claiming Harden took hush money from Eulenburg. Harden then sued his accomplice for libel, Städele was found guilty and charged a hundred mark fine, repaid by Harden. During the trial, however, Georg Riedel and Jacob Ernst testified to having sexual relations with Eulenburg. Eulenburg was charged with perjury and brought to trail on May 7 1908. Two weeks later Harden’s conviction was overturned and a second trial begun.

Eulenburg

June 29 1908
After the first of 41 witnesses, including Ernst and ten witnesses who described watching Eulenburg through a keyhole in 1887, the trial was delayed because of Eulenburg’s ill health. It was moved to his hospital bed but delayed again, indefinitely.

Moltke v. Harden

April, 1908
With little press, Harden was again convicted and fined six hundred marks plus the forty thousand marks of court costs, while Moltke was rehabilitated in the public eye.

Effects

The stress of the trials caused most participants to fall ill during 1908.

The Eulenburg affair is an example of prejudice, specifically homophobia, being used as a means to attain certain political goals. As Eulenburg’s wife later commented, “They are striking at my husband, but their target is the kaiser.” (Hirschfeld, 1933)

Harden later told Hirschfeld that the Affair was the greatest political mistake of his life, like many later observers, attributing the Affair as the root cause of World War I and the fall of the Second Reich, inevitable without Eulenburg’s moderating influence.

External links

• glbtq: Eulenburg-Hertefeld, Philipp, Prince zu (1857-1921)

Source

• Steakley, James D. (revised 1989). “Iconography of a Scandal: Political Cartoons and the Eulenburg Affair in Wilhelmin Germany”, Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past (1990), Duberman, et al, eds. New York: Meridian, New American Library, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-452-01067-5.

Further reading

• Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. New York and London, Garland Publishing, 1990
• Johansson, Warren & Percy, William A. Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence. Harrington Park Press, 1994.

The World That Summer is an album by Death In June, released in 1986.

Originally recorded between 1985 and 1986 and previously available only on LP format, The World That Summer was reissued on CD digipack packaging complete with varnished cover artwork and a booklet with photos and lyrics in 2000.

Douglas P. is accompanied on this album by David Tibet (as Christ’777′) and Andrea James.

Track listing

Side 1

1. “Blood of Winter”
2. “Hidden Among the Leaves”
3. “Torture By Roses”
4. “Come Before Christ And Murder Love”
5. “Love Murder”

Side 2

1. “Rule Again”
2. “Break the Black Ice”
3. “Rocking Horse Night”
4. “Blood Victory”

Side 3

1. “Death of a Man”

Side 4

1. “Reprise #1″
2. “Reprise #2″
3. “Reprise #3″

Brazilian German is a generic name for German dialects spoken in Brazil.

German dialects are already in use in Brazil as a result of the German settlement, made by Germans, Swiss, and Austrians. These dialects were evolved by foreign borrowings. They were influenced by another German dialect, and other immigrant languages — especially Italian, Spanish, Japanese, and Brazil’s national language, Portuguese.

The most dominant spoken Brazilian German dialect is Riograndenser Hunsrückisch, a Brazilian variation of the Hunsrückisch dialect. But other dialects of German are also spoken in Brazil, such as:

• The Austrian dialect spoken in Dreizehnlinden, Danube Swabian (Donauschwowsch, German: Donauschwäbisch).
• Pomeranian or Pommersch.
• Plautdietsch spoken by ethnic German Mennonites from the former Soviet Union.

See also

• German-Brazilians
• German language in the United States

To help compare different orders of magnitudes this page lists lengths between 10^-13 m and 10^-12 m (100 fm and 1 pm).

Distances shorter than 100 fm

• 100 femtometres till 1 picometre range

Distances longer than 1 pm

See also

• Femtometre
• Picometre
• Orders of magnitude (length)

Norwalk Furniture is a large company that manufactures home furnishings. It is located near Norwalk, Ohio.

External links

• Norwalk Furniture website
• Norwalk Corporation - parent company of Norwalk Furniture
• Franchise Overview

This article is not about the Gauss–Markov theorem of mathematical statistics.

As one would expect, Gauss–Markov stochastic processes (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Andrey Markov) are stochastic processes that satisfy the requirements for both Gaussian processes and Markov processes.

Every Gauss-Markov process X(t) possesses the three following properties:

1. If h(t) is a non-zero scalar function of t, then Z(t) = h(t)X(t) is also a Gauss-Markov process
2. If f(t) is a non-decreasing scalar function of t, then Z(t) = X(f(t)) is also a Gauss-Markov process
3. There exists a non-zero scalar function h(t) and a non-decreasing scalar function f(t) such that X(t) = h(t)W(f(t)), where W(t) is the standard Wiener process.

Property (3) means that every Gauss–Markov process can be synthesized from the standard Wiener process (SWP).

Properties

A stationary Gauss–Markov process with variance <math>\textbf{E}(X^{2}(t)) = \sigma^{2}</math> and time constant <math>\beta^{-1}</math> have the following properties.

Exponential autocorrelation:

<math>\textbf{R}_{x}(\tau) = \sigma^{2}e^{-\beta |\tau|}.\,</math>

(Power) spectral density function:

<math>\textbf{S}_{x}(j\omega) = \frac{2\sigma^{2}\beta}{\omega^{2} + \beta^{2}}.\,</math>

The above yields the following spectral factorisation:

<math>\textbf{S}_{x}(s) = \frac{2\sigma^{2}\beta}{-s^{2} + \beta^{2}}

                        = \frac{\sqrt{2\beta}\,\sigma}{(s + \beta)}
                          \cdot\frac{\sqrt{2\beta}\,\sigma}{(-s + \beta)}.

</math>

EPU may mean:

• European Pharmaceutical Union
• European Payments Union
• European Parliamentary Union
• Emergency Power Unit
• Evil Parallel Universe
• The European University Center for Peace Studies is known as the EPU
• Energy Processing Unit, an ASUS power saving technology for motherboards

The Photographic and Imaging Manufacturers Association, or PIMA, was founded in 1946 under the name National Association of Photographic Manufacturers (NAPM). In 1997 the name was changed to PIMA.

In 2001 PIMA merged with the Digital Imaging Group to form the International Imaging Industry Association.

Scalar warfare is a conspiracy theory which is based in a belief that there is widespread covert electromagnetic weather modification being carried out by a few nations or terrorist organizations.

An attempt by conspiracy theorists and doomsdayers to draw attention to the HAARP Ionospheric Research installation array in Alaska.

A distortion of the theories of Nikola Tesla.

While some of Tesla’s theories which disagree with the currently accepted theories of electromagnetism have been explored by some leading scientists, and some leading scientists have found inadequacies in the current accepted theories, there is no demonstrable proof that widespread electromagnetic weather modification is in place, much less effective.

“Walking stick” may also refer to a stick insect, of the Order Phasmatodea, which uses camouflage to resemble a stick or twig.

A walking stick is a tool used by many people to assist walking. Walking sticks come in many shapes and sizes, even leading some people to collect them.

Hemiplegic and balance-impaired persons use the stick to give them a better sense of the vertical position, thereby lessening vertigo. Without the stick, it is easy to walk at an angle, and perhaps not move in a straight line. The stick is held in the stronger hand.

Muscle-weakened persons (with reduced strength or nerve action) need a stronger weight-bearing stick to take some of the load normally used by the afflicted leg. Canes are generally used in the hand opposite the injury or weakness. This may appear counter-intuitive, but this allows the cane to used for stability in a way that lets the user shift much of their weight onto the cane and away from their weaker side as they walk. Personal preference, or a need to hold the cane in their dominant hand means some cane users choose to hold the cane on their injured side[1]. Also serving this purpose are walkers, which are held in front of the user and allow the user to lean heavily on them.

Walking sticks, also called trekking poles, hiking poles or hiking sticks, are used by hikers for a wide variety of purposes: to clear spiderwebs, part thick bushes or grass obscuring the trail; as a support when going uphill or a brake when going downhill; as a balance point when crossing streams, swamps or other rough terrain; to feel for obstacles in the path; to test mud and puddles for depth; and as a defense against wild animals. A walking stick can be improvised from nearby felled wood. More ornate sticks are made for avid hikers, and are often adorned with small trinkets or medallions depicting “conquered” territory.

Accessories

• The most common accessory, before or after purchase or manufacture, is a hand strap, to prevent loss of the stick should the hand release its grip. These are often threaded through a hole drilled into the stick rather than tied around.
• A clip-on frame or similar device can be used to stand a stick against the top of a table.
• In cold climates, a metallic cleat may be added to the foot of the cane. This dramatically increases traction on ice. The device is usually designed so it can be easily flipped to the side to prevent damage to indoor flooring.
• Different handles are available to match grips of varying sizes.
• Rubber ferrules give extra traction on most surfaces.
• Nordic walking (ski walking) poles are extremely popular in Europe. Walking with two poles in the correct length radically reduces the stress to the knees, hips and back. These special poles come with straps resembling a fingerless glove, durable metal tips for off-road and removable rubber tips for pavement and other hard surfaces.

See also

• Cane
• Nordic walking
• Trekking pole
• Danda

External links

• Walking-Stick Papers (Robert Cortes Holliday, 1918) - Project Gutenberg ebook
• Self-Defence with a Walking Stick (Pearson’s Magazine,January 1901)
• History Of English Walking Sticks
• Suggested cane technique
• How to measure a walking stick

The Consumer Council for Water (CCWater) represents water and sewerage consumers in England and Wales. The organisation does so by providing impartial advice and/or advocacy for aggrieved consumers.

CCWater is independent of both the regulator, Ofwat, and the water companies.

There are ten regional committees, each representing customers of several different water companies. The main offices are in Victoria Square, Birmingham.

External links

• CCWater

DFQ can stand for:

• “Dead Full Quieting,” a radio term which describes an FM radio signal reception good enough that it creates a static free silence when no voice or music audio is being sent over the frequency.

• “Design For Quality,” an engineering term.

Encoignure is a word concerning furniture, literally the angle, or return, formed by the junction of two walls. Since the 1900s, the word is chiefly used to designate a small armoire, commode, cabinet or cupboard made to fit a corner; a chaise encoignure is called in English a three-cornered chair. In its origin the thing, like the word, is French, and the delightful Louis Quinze or Louis Seize encoignure in lacquer or in mahogany elaborately mounted in gilded bronze is not the least alluring piece of the great period of French furniture. It was made in a vast variety of forms so far as the front was concerned; in other respects it was strictly limited by its destination. As a rule these delicate and dainty receptacles were in pairs and placed in opposite angles; more often than not the top was formed of a slab of colored marble.

A cupboard () is a type of cabinet, often made of wood, used indoors to store household objects such as food and crockery, and protect them from dust and dirt.

As the name suggests, this piece of furniture was originally a simple board or table on which to place cups or mugs - recorded use of such a name dates back to at least the Middle Ages. For the last few centuries, “cupboard” has referred to a storage area enclosed by doors.

An airing cupboard is a domestic room more usually resembling a wardrobe in size and proportion, although sometimes large enough to be considered a small room, and which houses the boiler in a central heating installation. Shelves (usually slatted to allow for circulation of heat) are positioned above the boiler to provide storage for clothing, typically linen and towelling. The purpose is to prevent damp rather than to dry wet clothing. It may also be called simply a ‘boiler cupboard’ and by certain regional names. In Ireland, for example, a common term is hot press, see the article there.

See also

• Closet
• Pantry
• Sideboard

In

the sphenoid bone, the posterior border, smooth and rounded, is received into the lateral fissure of the brain; the medial end of this border forms the anterior clinoid process, which gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli; it is sometimes joined to the middle clinoid process by a spicule of bone, and when this occurs the termination of the groove for the internal carotid artery is converted into a foramen (carotico-clinoid).

External links

In United States patent law, utility is a patentability requirement. Today, the utility requirement is the lowest bar and is easily met. Largely utility is used to prevent the patenting of inoperative devices such as perpetual motion machines. Utility is required by the patent law: 35 U.S.C. 101, “inventions patentable”, and 35 U.S.C. 112, “specification”.

There are three types of utility:

1. General utility is the requirement of functionality.
2. Specific utility is the requirement that the invention actually perform the function.
3. Moral, or beneficial, utility requires that the invention not “poison, promote debauchery, facilitate private assassination”. Lowell v. Lewis, 15 F. Cas. 1018, 1019 (C.C.D. Mass. 1817)

The patent examiners guidelines require that a patent application express a specific, credible, and substantial utility. Rejection by an examiner usually requires documentary evidence establishing a prima facie showing of no specific and substantial credible utility.

European patent law does not consider utility as a patentability criterion. In this respect, decision T 388/04 of March 22, 2006 of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office has made it clear that “subject-matter or activities may be excluded from patentability under even where they have practical utility” (headnote III.), thus ruling out the utility of an invention as a decisive patentability criterion. Instead, it requires that to be patentable an invention must have industrial applicability. Under the European Patent Convention, see for instance .

Notes and references

See also

• Sufficiency of disclosure
• Diamond v. Diehr
• Reduction to practice
• State Street decision
• Utility model

External links

• 35 U.S.C. §101 Inventions patentable (introducing the term “useful“)
• 2107 Guidelines of Examination
• Utility Patents & Non-provisional Patent Applications

In computer operating systems, a light-weight process (LWP) is a means of achieving multitasking. In contrast to a regular (full-blown) process, a LWP shares all (or most of) its logical address space and system resources with other process(es); in contrast to a thread, a light-weight process has its own private process identifier and parenthood relationships with other processes.
Moreover, while a thread can either be managed at the application level or by the kernel, a LWP is always managed by the kernel and it is scheduled as a regular process. One significant example of a kernel that supports LWPs is the Linux kernel.

On most systems, a light-weight process also differs from a full-blown process, in that it only consists of the bare minimum execution context and accounting information that is needed by the scheduler, hence the term light-weight. Generally, a process refers to an instance of a program, while a LWP represents a thread of execution of a program (indeed, LWPs can be conveniently used to implement threads, if the underlying kernel does not directly support them). Since a thread of execution does not need as much state information as a process, a light-weight process does not carry such information.

As a consequence of the fact that LWPs share most of their resources with other LWPs, they are unsuitable for certain applications, where multiple full-blown processes are needed, e.g. to avoid memory leaks (a process can be replaced by another one) or to achieve privilege separation (processes can run under other credentials and have other permissions).
Using multiple processes also allows the application to more easily survive if a process of the pool crashes or is exploited.

See also

• Computer multitasking
• Thread (computer science)
• Process (computer science)
• Light Weight Kernel Threads

External links

• comp.programming.threads FAQ: Lightweight process

Heavy Metal Breakdown is the first Studio album by the German heavy metal band Grave Digger.

Track listing

1. “Headbanging Man” - 3:37
2. “Heavy Metal Breakdown” - 3:42
3. “Back From The War” - 5:35
4. “Yesterday” - 5:07
5. “We Wanna Rock You” - 4:17
6. “Legion Of The Lost” - 4:54
7. “Tyrant” - 3:18
8. “2000 Lightyears From Home” - 2:54
9. “Heart Attack” - 3:17

Album line-up

• Chris Boltendahl - Vocals
• Peter Masson - Guitars
• Willi Lackman - Bass
  
• Albert Eckardt - Drums

A cabinet is usually a box-shaped form, either standing alone as a piece of furniture or built into or attached to a wall (such as a medicine cabinet) typically made of wood but now often made of synthetic materials, and used for storage of miscellaneous items. Cabinets usually have one or more doors on the front that are mounted with door hardware and occasionally a lock; they may also contain drawers. Short cabinets often have a finished surface on top that can be used for display, or as a working surface such as the countertops found in kitchens. Many draws in the modern kitchen offer a soft close mechanism, reducing the risk of accidents like trapped fingers

A cabinet intended for clothing storage is usually called a wardrobe in English, or an armoire in French. In previous centuries, such a cabinet was also known as a linen-press. In British usage, a wardrobe occasionally was referred to as an oakley, because of the oak wood used in its construction.

See also

• Chifforobe
• Closet
• Commode
• Cupboard
• Linen-press
• Pantry
• Wardrobe
• Cabinet making

Norwegian Wood may refer to:

• “Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)”, a song by The Beatles
• Norwegian Wood (music festival), an annual music festival in Oslo, Norway
• Norwegian Wood (novel), by Haruki Murakami
• Norwegian Woods, a housing development near Newark, Delaware

The March to the Sea can refer to:

• A rough, but commonly-used, translation for the Greek term anabasis.
• An extension of above, a commonly-used title for Xenophon’s work, The Anabasis.
• Sherman’s March to the Sea during the American Civil War.
• a novel by John Ringo
• A song off the album, The Fire in Our Throats Will Beckon the Thaw, by Pelican.

A form book is a tool used by attorneys to aid in the filing of pleadings and motions and other such documents with a court or similar decision-making body. It is usually a binder containing loose-leaf pages, each of which has a form, or model, of a different kind of motion that the attorney might file with a court. The style, format, and information required in such documents differs from one jurisdiction to another, between different levels of courts in a system, and between different areas of law. Therefore, the companies that publish casebooks and other legal materials often publish form books as well, offering selections specific to the location and type of practice in which their customers are engaged.

Typical forms included in a form book are a model complaint, answer, motion to compel discovery, motion for summary judgment, and request for permission to appeal. The advent of the internet has diminished the need for printed form books, as many of the most important forms are thereby made freely available by various courts,[1] and many more can now be purchased online.[2]

Barstools are a type of stool often with a foot rest which, because of their height and narrowness, are designed for seating in a public house or bar. However, barstools are becoming more popular in homes, usually placed at the kitchen counter or at a home bar.

Barstools are becoming more popular because their varied styles not only are more appealing than the common wooden bar stool but actually accentuate the theme of a home. Bar stools allow for a higher view when eating, drinking, or socializing and can add to the atmostphere, given the right bar stool.

There are many different constructions. Barstools are often made of wood or metal. There are bar stools with and without armrests, back, and padding on the seat surface. Barstools can range from basic wooden designs to extremely detailed ones with a custom height for the perfect fit. Extra tall and extra short are common features, as well as indoor bar stools and outdoor bar stools. Some bar stools have backs, while most do not.

External links

• What are Retro Bar Stools?
• Indoor and Outdoor Bar Furniture

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 1500 Class is a class of 0-6-0 pannier tank steam locomotive. Despite being a GWR design, all ten (nos 1500-9) were built by the Western Region of British Railways in 1949.

Overview

They had outside cylinders, Walschaerts valve gear, and a very short wheelbase to go round tight bends. Below the (non-existent) footplate they resembled the USATC S100 Class that the GWR had used some of during the Second World War. They were generally not successful as they were very heavy, and were largely confined to empty stock workings at London Paddington station. However 1501 did excel in service at the Severn Valley Railway in preservation.

Preservation

One, 1501, survives and is awaiting overhaul at the Severn Valley Railway having been taken out of service at the end of 2006 with the expiry of its boiler certificate. Another 1502, was purchased at the same time for spares for 1501 the remains were cut up & scrapped at Cashmore’s, Great Bridge, Oct 1970.

External links

• http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_060_1500.htm

Patent leather is leather that has been given a high gloss, shiny finish. The original process was developed by Newark, New Jersey–based inventor Seth Boyden in 1818 with commercial manufacture beginning September 20, 1819. His process used a linseed oil–based lacquer coating. Modern patent leather usually has a plastic coating.

Patent leather is sometimes confused with poromeric imitation leathers such as DuPont’s Corfam and Kuraray Co.’s Clarino which are manmade materials with a similar glossy appearance.

Patent leather and poromerics are cleaned in a similar way. Dirt adhering to the coating can be removed with a damp cloth, using a mild soap if needed. Minor scratches and scuff marks in the coating itself can be removed using one of several special-purpose patent leather and poromeric cleaners on the market. With wear and tear, patent leather will eventually lose its glossy finish, but will still be smoother than most other types of leather, looking almost rubbery.

Patent leather and poromerics are used in applications where an eye-catching glossy appearance is the most important consideration. Examples include fashion items such as wallets and handbags, dance and uniform shoes, kinky boots and professional wrestling boots, and trench coats. In recent years patent leather has become a popular material for limited-edition sneakers made by companies such Nike, Bape, and Greedy Genius.

Carolina County Ball, was the second album by the rock band Elf, released as an LP in 1974 on the MGM label. It was released in the United States and Japan as LA 59.

The song most played from this album was “Ain’t It All Amusing,” which became a staple in the pubs in the UK. The band was fronted by Ronnie James Dio who went on to sing in Rainbow with Ritchie Blackmore of Deep Purple fame, replaced Ozzy Osborne in Black Sabbath and went on to start his own band Dio.

Track listing

1. “Carolina County Ball” - 4:46
2. “L.A.59″ - 4:21
3. “Ain’t It All Amusing” - 5:01
4. “Happy” - 5:28
5. “Annie New Orleans” - 3:01
6. “Rocking Chair Rock ‘n’ Roll Blues” - 5:36
7. “Rainbow” - 4:00
8. “Do the Same Thing” - 3:10
9. “Blanche” - 2:31

References

• Album information from Billboard.com
• ‘Carolina County Ball’ tour dates

Creamy snuff is a tobacco paste, consisting of tobacco, clove oil, glycerin, spearmint, menthol, and camphor, and sold in a toothpaste tube. It is marketed mainly to women in India, and is known by the brand names Ipco (made by Asha Industries), Denobac, Tona, Ganesh. According to the U.S NIH-sponsored 2002 Smokeless Tobacco Fact Sheet, it is marketed as a dentifrice. The same factsheet also mentions that it is “often used to clean teeth. The manufacturer recommends letting the paste linger in your mouth before rinsing.”

Related Links

Ipco Creamy Snuff

An opposition proceeding is an administrative process available under the patent and trademark law of most jurisdictions which allows third parties to dispute the validity of a granted patent or trademark.

Patents

In Europe, third parties may dispute the validity of a granted European patent by filing a post-grant opposition under the European Patent Convention.

In Germany, third parties may dispute the validity of a pending German patent application under German patent law.

Under United States patent law, an opposition proceeding is called a reexamination.

In Japanese patent law, opposition procedure after an examiner’s decision to grant a patent was abandoned in 2003; trial for invalidation serves as the alternative.

Trademarks

In the case of trademarks, third parties may use opposition proceedings to “oppose” the acceptance of a trademark application after it has been accepted and published for opposition purposes. If an opposition is defeated the trademark will proceed to registration. Some jurisdictions operate a “post-grant” opposition system, whereby opposition is not possible until after registration (eg. Japan).

See also

• Opposition procedure before the European Patent Office
• Patent infringement
• Patent watch
• Patentability
• Prior art
• Reexamination

Patent Blue V, also called Food Blue 5 or Sulphan Blue, is a dark bluish synthetic dye used as a food coloring. As a food additive, it has E number E131. It is a sodium or calcium salt of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt. It has the appearance of a violet powder.

It is not widely used, but can be found in Scotch eggs. Patent Blue V is banned as a food dye in Australia, USA, and Norway.

In medicine, Patent Blue V is used in lymphangiography as a dye to color lymph vessels. It is also used in dental disclosing tablets as a stain to show dental plaque on teeth.

It may cause allergic reactions, with symptoms ranging from itching and nettle rash to nausea, hypotension, and in rare cases anaphylactic shock; it is not recommended for children.

External links

Kimmage (Dublin 12 & Dublin 6W) is a small suburb of Dublin near to Rathfarnham, Greenhills, Templeogue, Terenure and Crumlin.

The most famous landmark of the area is the KCR or Kimmage Cross Roads which has been a petrol station and a shop for in excess of twenty years.

The River Poddle flows through it.

It was famous as one of the two cheapest properties on the Irish version of Monopoly, but has now been removed in favour of Rathfarnham in the newer edition.

There is only the main shopping area for residents, which is Lower Kimmage Road which has many shops and services to offer the community such as barbers, takeaways, garage, shops, etc.

Otis Sistrunk (born September 18, 1946 in Columbus, Georgia) is a former professional football player who played seven seasons as a defensive lineman, from 1972 to 1978. He played his entire career with the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). Sistrunk later became a professional wrestler (in the National Wrestling Alliance). He also appeared in three films in the 1970s.

Sistrunk was one of the few NFL players of his day to not play college football, going directly from high school to the semi-pro Continental Football League in 1965. After three years in the CPFL, a Los Angeles Rams scout spotted Sistrunk and believed the 22-year-old could play in the NFL; eventually Sistrunk wound up in Oakland.

During a Monday Night Football telecast, a television camera beamed a sideline shot of Sistrunk’s steaming bald head to the nation. That, along with his lack of a college education, prompted ABC commentator and ex-NFL player Alex Karras to suggest that Otis’ alma mater was the “University of Mars.” Sistrunk was named to the Pro Bowl in 1974.

Since leaving football, Sistrunk has fashioned a second successful career as an Army civilian employee. Today, he runs Cowan & Memorial Stadium at Fort Lewis, Washington.

Dos Equis is a Mexican beer. It was first crafted in Mexico by the German brewmaster Wilhelm Hasse in 1897. Originally called “Siglo XX” (”20th century”), the brand was named to commemorate the arrival of the new century; since the Spanish language uses Roman numerals for centuries, the bottles were marked “XX”, two Xs, or “Dos Equis”.

It is currently available in two varieties:
Dos Equis Especial (green bottle) is a golden, aromatic European-style pilsner, whereas Dos Equis Ámbar (brown bottle) is a full-bodied Vienna-style amber lager. On the domestic market, Especial is more commonly encountered than Ámbar; the opposite applies in certain export markets, including the United States, where Ámbar made its début in 1973.

Dos Equis is brewed and bottled by the Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma. This company is a subsidiary of FEMSA. The headquarters of CCM is located in Monterrey, Nuevo León. It is imported into the United States by Cervezas Mexicanas of White Plains, New York. In 2007, the company launched an ad campaign in its US market featuring “The Most Interesting Man In The World”

External links

• Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma corporate website (Spanish language)
• Dos Equis website for the U.S. market

Ezra Crispin Idlet (born August 23, 1953) makes up one half of the musical duo Trout Fishing in America along with bass player Keith Grimwood. Born in San Antonio, Texas Ezra plays guitar and provides vocals for the band.

Ezra uses a Rick Turner Renaissance electric acoustic guitar on stage as well as a Renaissance baritone 12 string guitar both with Elixir strings. He is also well known for his use of effects pedals to create a much fuller sound than would be expected from a two person group. Using chorus and delay effects he can create the impression of a percussionist while, according to Idlet, “Letting certain strings ring can imply another rhythm guitar part.”

Trivia

Idlet, who at 6′9″ dwarfs the 5′5″ Grimwood, was offered a college scholarship to play basketball but gave it up in order to pursue music.

For medical diagnostics, see diagnosis.

Joydrop was a Canadian alternative rock band in the late 1990s and early 2000s from Toronto, Ontario. The band consisted of vocalist Tara Slone, guitarist Thomas Payne, bassist Tom McKay and drummer Tony Rabalao.

The band released two CDs, Metasexual and Viberate, and had notable chart hits in Canada with “Beautiful” and “Sometimes Wanna Die”.

Following the band’s breakup, Slone released a solo album, and was a contestant on Rock Star: INXS. Tony Rabalao also went solo and put out a CD under the name Lehlo (see myspace) but plays in Tara’s band as well. Tom McKay is a producer and worked on Tara’s and Tony’s CDs. Thomas Payne is writing and producing with other artists.

Discography

Metasexual (1999)

1. Fizz (3:51)
2. Beautiful (3:59)
3. Breakdown (4:57)
4. Strawberry Merigold (4:09)
5. Spiders (3:12)
6. Dream Today (3:21)
7. Cocoon (3:13)
8. Over + Under (4:06)
9. If I Forget (3:49)
10. All Too Well (3:43)
11. No One (2:54)
12. Dog Star Radio (4:46)
13. Line (5:02)
14. Until (4:20)

Viberate (2001)

1. Thick Skin
2. American Dreamgirl
3. Sometimes Wanna Die
4. Life On The Sun
5. Swan Song
6. Replaced
7. Viberate
8. This Is Not Real
9. Expiry Dates
10. Do You Believe
11. Embrace
12. Metasexual

Singles

• Beautiful (1999)
• If I Forget (exclusive to Canada) (1999)
• Spiders (exclusive to US) (2000)
• Sometimes Wanna Die (2001)
• American Dream Girl (2001)

The headboard is a piece of furniture that attaches to the head of a bed. Its most basic function is to retain the pillow(s) and other bed linens. A headboard may be strictly utilitarian, but frequently has aesthetic value and may be a decorative focus for a bedroom.

A headboard may also be utilized to provide a wide variety of other functions, such as providing simple storage, various sexual conveniences, or incorporation into the critical care functions of a hospital bed.

Nuclear Furniture is the final album release by the American rock band Jefferson Starship before it became Starship. It was released in 1984 and spawned the Top 40 single “No Way Out”.

Track listing

1. “Layin’ It On The Line” (4:09)
2. “No Way Out” (4:22)
3. “Sorry Me, Sorry You” (4:07)
4. “Live And Let Live” (3:50)
5. “Connection” (4:27)
6. “Rose Goes To Yale” (2:56)
7. “Magician” (3:23)
8. “Assassin” (3:52)
9. “Shining In The Moonlight” (3:38)
10. “Showdown” (3:22)
11. “Champion” (4:40)

Singles

• No Way Out (1984) #23 US
• Layin’ It on the Line (1984) #66 US

Musicians

• Paul Kantner - guitars
• Grace Slick - vocals
• David Freiberg - bass, keyboards
• Craig Chaquico - guitars
• Pete Sears - bass, keyboards
• Mickey Thomas - vocals
• Donny Baldwin - drums, percussion

Richard Debaufre Guyon (1813 - October 12 1856), British soldier, general in the Hungarian revolutionary army and Turkish pasha, was born at Walcot, near Bath.

After receiving a military education in England and in Austria he entered the Hungarian hussars in 1832, in which he served until after his marriage with a daughter of Baron Spleny, a general officer in the imperial service.

At the outbreak of the Hungarian War in 1848, he re-entered active service as an officer of the Hungarian Honvéds, and he won great distinction in the action of Sukoro (September 29 1848) and the battle of Schwechat (October 30). He added to his reputation as a leader in various actions in the winter of 1848-1849, and after the battle of Kapolna was made a general officer.

He served in important and sometimes independent commands to the end of the war, after which he escaped to Turkey. In 1852 he entered the service of the sultan. He was made a pasha and lieutenant-general without being required to change his faith, and rendered distinguished service in the campaign against the Russians in Asia Minor (1854-55). General Guyon died of cholera at Scutari in 1856.

See AW Kinglake, The Patriot and the Hero General Guyon (1856).

Silicothermic reactions are thermic chemical reactions using silicon as the reducing agent at high temperature (800-1400°C). The most prominent example is the Pidgeon process for reducing magnesium metal from ores. Other processes include the Bolzano process and the magnetherm process. All three are commercially used for magnesium production.

The silicothermic process for magnesium production was developed commercially in Canada during the second World War.Encyclopedia of materials, parts and finishes, 2nd edition, Mel M. Schwartz, 2002, p. 371, ISBN 1-56676-661-3

References

Par-cooking refers to the technique of partially cooking foods so that they can be finished later. There are two primary reasons for using this technique. First, it allows foods to be prepared ahead of time, and quickly heated prior to serving. Since the second reheat finishes the cooking process, foods are not overcooked as leftovers often are. This is a common technique in the processed food industry, and most frozen and prepared foods are par-cooked.

A second reason is to take advantage of different cooking techniques. For example, one method of preparing french fries involves first boiling, then frying the potatoes, so they have a crisp exterior and fluffy interior. In stir-fries or other mixed dishes, meats, root vegetables, and other foods that take a long time to cook, will be par-cooked so they finish at the same time as other foods.

Although background music was by the end of the 20th Century generally identified with Muzak or Elevator music, there are several stages in the development of this concept:

Antecedents

In the Baroque and Classical music era music could be performed as a background to other activities, for instance:

• French kings of the baroque era could have music performed during their stately dinners.
• Opera or other public music performances could have a thus high “social function” character, that few people still actually listened to the music being performed.

Furniture music

Furniture music was an invention of Erik Satie around 1920. This type of “background music” fell into oblivion when the composer died a few years later, and was not again executed until it was rediscovered several decades later. Typical of Furniture music are short musical passages, with an indefinite number of repeats.

Elevator music

Elevator music is a more general term indicating music that is played in rooms where many people come together (that is, with no intention whatsoever to listen to music). There is a specific sound associated with elevator music, usually involving themes from “soft” popular music or “light” classical music being worked over by slow strings. The type of music for instance the Mantovani Orchestra, and conductors like Franck Pourcel and James Last produced, peaking its popularity around the 1970s.

Ambient music

The term Ambient music is generally used when more, but often less distinguishable, influences (like for instance elements of Jazz and/or sounds from nature, etc…) are mingled in the “soundscape”. Note however that some producers and/or composers of “Ambient music” or “soundscapes” (or similar associated types of music, see Ambient article) might not have (had) any intention to use the qualifier “background” for their music.

Anime,video game and blog music

Background music (often abbreviated “BGM”) is also the term used to describe the music in video games,incidental music in anime and music in blogs or websites.

See also

• Applied Media Technologies Corporation
• DMX (music)
• Muzak
• Streamit
• Emotional link

Jean Toomer (December 26, 1894–March 30, 1967) was an American poet and novelist and an important figure of the Harlem Renaissance.

Biography

Born Nathan Pinchback Toomer in Washington, D.C., Jean was of mixed racial and ethnic descent (Dutch, French, Native American, Welsh, German, Jewish and African American). His parents were Nina Pinchback and Nathan Toomer. He spent his childhood attending both all-white and all-black segregated schools. In his early years, Toomer resisted racial classifications and wished to be identified only as an American. Toomer attended six institutions of higher education between 1914 and 1917 (the University of Wisconsin, the Massachusetts College of Agriculture, the American College of Physical Training in Chicago, the University of Chicago, New York University, and the City College of New York) studying agriculture, fitness, biology, sociology, and history, but he never completed a degree. The readings that he would undertake and the lectures he attended during his college years shaped the direction his writing would take. After leaving college, Toomer published some short stories, devoted several months to the study of Eastern philosophies and took a job as a principal in Sparta, Georgia. The segregation Toomer experienced in the South lead him to identify more strongly as an African-American. In 1923, Toomer published the novel, Cane, an important work of High Modernism. It is considered by scholars to be his best work. A series of poems and short stories about the Black experience in America, Cane was hailed by critics and is seen as an important work of both the Harlem Renaissance and the Lost Generation.
Toomer found it harder and harder to get published throughout the 1930s and in 1940 moved with his second wife to Doylestown, Pennsylvania where he joined the Religious Society of Friends and began to withdraw from society. Toomer wrote a small amount of fiction and published essays in Quaker publications during this time, but devoted most of his time to serving on Quaker committees. Toomer stopped writing literary works after 1950. He died in 1967 after several years of poor health.

Works

• Cane (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1923)
  • Written during the Harlem Renaissance, Cane is a collection of poems and short narratives that examine the African-American condition both in the South as well as in Washington, D.C. around the time of its publication.
• Problems of Civilization, by Ellsworth Huntington, Whiting Williams, Jean Toomer and others, (New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1929)
• Essentials: Definitions and Aphorisms (Chicago: Lakeside Press, 1931)
• An Interpretation of Friends Worship (Philadelphia: Committee on Religious Education of Friends General Conference, 1947)
• The Flavor of Man (Philadelphia: Young Friends Movement of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 1949)
• The Collected Poems of Jean Toomer (1980)

References

• Nishikawa, Kinohi. “Cane.” The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Multiethnic American Literature. Ed. Emmanuel S. Nelson. 5 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005. 371-73.
• Turner, Darwin T. “Introduction.” Cane by Jean Toomer (New York: Liveright, 1993). ix-xxv. ISBN 0-87140-151-7.

External links

• Review of Portage Potential
• Review of Shadows of Heaven
• Modern American Poetry: Jean Toomer
• Essay on Cane
• Online Toomer bio
• Essay on Toomer and Class
• Biography of Toomer and his works

JView was a visualization API for the Java programming language, not currently developed or maintained.

It supports both 2D and 3D graphics. It was developed by the U.S. Air Force Research Lab. It uses a scene graph architecture and has been used mostly for visualizations. The underlying hardware OpenGL renderer; the GL4Java API can be accessed directly.

See also

• Aviatrix3D
• Java3D

External links

• An evaluation of JView, see chapter 5 for a comparison against Java3D

Productionisation is the process of turning a prototype of a design into a version that can be more easily mass produced. It is almost always a necessary step in the development of any product, since it is rare that the initial design is free from flaws or construction methods which make it difficult or more expensive to manufacture.

Prototypes are very often constructed by hand, or with more limited tooling. This is done to save costs where the design may not even be subsequently approved for manufacture. Once the go-ahead for a production run is given, the much more costly production tooling can be ordered. At this stage, the design itself may need to be reworked or altered to streamline production. The goal is to reduce costs as much as possible at the assembly stage, since costs will be multiplied by the number of units produced. For example, a prototype might be assembled using nuts and bolts, but in production such fasteners might be replaced by captive nuts or threaded holes built in to the parts, making assembly much faster, easier and therefore cheaper.

Sometimes limited runs of a design might be manufactured without full productionisation.

Other examples of productionisation might include:

• plastic mouldings instead of hand-constructed parts
• built-in fasteners
• snap-together or machine welded parts instead of using fasteners
• custom integrated circuits instead of discrete electronic components

Boppard

(Latin: Baudobriga) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approx. 25 km south of Koblenz.

Boppard was founded by the Romans; under the Merovingian dynasty it became a royal residence. During the Middle Ages it was a considerable centre of commerce and shipping, and under the Hohenstaufen emperors was raised to the rank of an imperial free city. In 1312, however, the emperor Henry VII pledged the town to his brother Baldwin, archbishop elector of Trier, and it remained in the possession of the electors until it was absorbed by France during the Revolutionary epoch. It was assigned by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to Prussia.

Boppard lends its name to the Boppard line, an imaginary line relating to German dialects. Notable people from Boppard include physical chemist Fritz Straßmann and furniture designer Michael Thonet.

On Fleckertshöhe near Boppard, there is a transmitter for FM and TV using as antenna tower a rarely used partially guyed tower.

The municipality currently has 16,812 inhabitants.

Boppard is twinned with:

• Ome, Japan
• Amboise, France
• Truro, United Kingdom
• Keszthely, Hungary

References

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP - also known as lung plague), is a contagious bacterial disease that afflicts the lungs of cattle, buffalo, zebu, and yaks. Sheep, goats, camels, antelope, and wild bovids are resistant to the disease. Humans are also unaffected.

It is caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides, and the symptoms are pneumonia and inflammation of the lung membranes. The incubation period is 20 to 123 days. It was particularly widespread in the United States in 1879, affecting herds from several states. The outbreak was so severe that it resulted in a trade embargo by the British government, blocking U.S. cattle exports to Britain and Canada. This prompted the United States to the establish the Bureau of Animal Industries, set up in 1884 solely to eradicate the disease, which it succeeded in doing.

The bacteria is widespread in Africa, the Middle East, Southern Europe, as well as parts of Asia. It is an airborne bacteria, and can travel up to several kilometres in the right conditions.

References

Darwin is an Architecture Description Language (ADL). It can be used in a software engineering context to describe the organisation of a piece of software in terms of components, their interfaces, and the bindings between components.
In comparison to others ADLs, such as Wright, the language does not provide the notion of connectors as a first-class concept.
The FSP language can be used to describe the behaviour modelling, and LTSA can be used for analysis.
The idea is to include the FSP code in the Darwin code like this:

 component SERVER {
   provide
     service:Service // Service is a provided interface
   require
     wallet:Wallet // Wallet is a required interface
 /%
 FSP Code
 %/
 }

Its use of FSP language allow the verification of the temporal properties of the architecture.

It was developed at Imperial College London.